Problems by Farmers and Immigrants in 1800s - 861 Words

History Essay 11/3/09 There were many problems faced by both farmers and immigrants in the late 1800’s. The economy was very shaky, the government was not stepping up to help, and the immigrants faced harsh times in their coming to America. Eventually many groups were formed to help with these issues. Farmers faced many issues in the 1800’s. First off, debt was a huge issue for farmers. Falling crop prices, unpaid loans, and crashing banks all led to the huge debt of farmers. Because the crop prices were falling in the horrible economy loans could not be paid back, unemployment soared, and businesses went under. There was also the tariff issue. Tariffs on imported goods were discouraging people to buy these products. They raised†¦show more content†¦The government did try to help out though, with the Texas Seed Bill: providing seed grain to drought victims. They also tried the Interstate Commerce Act to regulate the prices of shipping through railroads, basing the cost in proportio n to the distance traveled. Many groups were developed to help with these issues. The Grange developed by Oliver H Kelley to help farmers form cooperatives to buy large quantitiesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Immigration to America in the Early 1900s927 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Early 1900s In the eyes of the early American colonists and the founders of the Constitution, the United States was to represent the ideals of acceptance and tolerance to those of all walks of life. When the immigration rush began in the mid-1800s, America proved to be everything but that. The millions of immigrants would soon realize the meaning of hardship and rejection as newcomers, as they attempted to assimilate into American culture. For countless immigrants, the struggle toRead MoreIndustrialization Essay526 Words   |  3 Pagesof the nineteenth century. With most of the century consisting of farmers and smaller towns and country-like living, the later parts of the century brought industrialization and businesses. This changes forced Americans to view and live life differently. Of the important elements that influenced America in the nineteenth century, industrialization and immigration are the most significant. Industry flourished in the 1800s causing changes to Americas every aspect of life. Manufacturing alsoRead MoreApush Sectionalism770 Words   |  4 Pagestransportation †¢ Plentiful manufacturing labor from immigration †¢ Economy based on commercial agriculture and manufacturing †¢ Highest population of the three regions †¢ Urban population o Grew from 5% of the population in 1800 to 15% of the economy in 1850 o Rapid urban growth led to: slums, poor sanitation, disease and crime †¢ African Americans o 1% of the total northeast population o African Americans in the northeast made up 50% of freeRead MoreThe Populists and Progressives1137 Words   |  5 Pagesand powerless, for the Populists it was farmers and for the Progressives it was urban lower and middle class workers. These two movements attempted to bring the powerless peoples issues to national politics. The Populists and Progressives wanted to preserve some American ideals of the past, such as a sense of community and the ability for farmers and workers to live happily without economic strains. Populists were more oriented to the plight of the farmer while the Progressives included womens rightsRead MoreEssay On Urbanization In The Gilded Age1530 Words   |  7 PagesUrbanization in America was driven by the massive unskilled immigrants who wanted jobs and an opportunity to start their new life in a country known to most as â€Å"The land of opportunity†. Urbanization have made many changes to America. The cities have become a place to look f or opportunities and a popular place to migrate for work either for the people from the rural area or immigrants from outside the county. Which will then lead to political issues and finally the restriction of immigration itselfRead MoreThe Market Revolution Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pageshis invention for their own benefits. Because of the large success of his innovations, Eli Whitney was a very important figure of the Market Revolution. Richard Fulton’s invention of the steamboat revolutionized water travel in the early 1800’s. Steamboats were able to travel up and downstream requiring little or no effort from those onboard. Mariners could leave port any time because they did not have to rely on winds to get them to their destination. Shipping was much cheaper and easierRead MoreDrug Usage In America Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesUsage in America America has a problem with drugs. In order to understand the problem, we first need to understand what is considered a drug. It is â€Å"any ingestible substance that has a noticeable effect on the mind or body†. (Schmalleger, 2011) Drugs are used for medicinal as well as recreational purposes. Unfortunately both types of drugs have played a role in American culture. History of Drug Use Drugs have been part of the American culture as far back as the 1800’s. Using drugs for medicinal purposesRead MoreNative Immigrants And The United States957 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia During the late 1800’s to mid-1900’s was extremely unwelcoming to many of the immigrants including: Japanese, Chinese, Latinos and many other immigrant groups. Early Japanese immigration started around the 1880’s with the Chinese immigrants working in the railroad construction and as contract laborers in the fields. Throughout history many immigrants that migrated to the United States have been the feared by many native born citizens as being a threat to the American Culture and many availableRead MoreThe Age Of The Civil War1592 Words   |  7 Pagesand immigration. There were various types of races, ethnicities, and nationalities all in one geographical area. There were pros and there were cons during this time in America. The cons seemed to outweigh the pros; racis m, wars, and other societal problems became major issues within North America. 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The Music Guide Database The All Music Guide Database

The All Music guide database was more focused on overview look at Cash’s life before and during his career and how his music career progressed from start to finish with the success of his music on the charts being the primary focus. The main feature of this database is to give a timeline of all Cash’s music and how he developed from his first record label till his last one and the success of them. This source gives the history of the success not the meaning or a more in depth look at the music he played, inspirations and style of it. For this biography, I would think that someone who is deeply interested in the way that the artist got his start in music and the rise and fall of an artist, Cash in particular. I like the overview of his†¦show more content†¦It walks you through his rise and his inventible fall from success in the way it happened and what happened. The Wikipedia entry about Johnny Cash compared to the first two databases is the one I would go to i f I had already visited the previous. Though it does talk more about his personal life outside of his music career it still has bits of information that describes his music career that was put more on the back burner. One of the main reasons that I go to this site after the fact is that the way that the site tells his story is broken down into different points about him so you read about his life but it is out of order and harder to follow. This site could be useful if you wanted a overview about his life but if you wanted to know more about his music you would have to go else where to find out more information. People who just want a taste of the artist would use this or those who want to read about his story without going to deep into it. I would say this is a more of an historical account of his life and should be viewed as such. The last site is Johnny Cash’s dedicated site â€Å"johnnycash.com†. This website lets fans view his life but if he was alive today it wou ld be a useful site to show his touring schedule and to find merchandise to support him. The biography that is on the website is short but it contains the general information that Wikipedia has but in chronological order. The site is put togetherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Theories addressing learning styles1525 Words   |  7 Pageschildren benefit through visual aids, but also in a music classroom. Amy Casey, a former elementary teacher in the Kansas City school district said, â€Å"My experiences in my own classroom have proven that integrating technology into the music curriculum entices students to actively engage in learning† (2005). Setting up music centers in a classroom allows students to learn to use technology in various ways. 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Phonetics and Phonology Free Essays

string(93) " the low front vowel /\? /| | | | |for the central schwa /\? in the second| | | | |syllable\." REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR INSTITUTO PEDAGOGICO DE CARACAS CATEDRA DE FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA ASIGNATURA: FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA II AN ANALYSIS OF A SPEECH SAMPLE IN WHICH UNDERLIE A VARIETY OF ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS Authors: Aymara Villasmil Daniel Rodriguez CARACAS, FEBRERO DE 2011 INTRODUCTION Throughout the years, a variety of famous linguists have made an attempt to define the difficult question of what language is. For instance, Halliday (1973) affirms that language is an instrument of communication among members of a social group. In relation to this, Gimson (1962) states that a language is a system of conventional signals used for a communication by a whole community. We will write a custom essay sample on Phonetics and Phonology or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, Whitman (1975) when trying to describe the concept of language establishes a particular connection between the use of language and the mental processes speaker experiences. He states that language, far from being independent of the mind, was so inextricably tied to the mind that the study of language was virtually the study of human mind. These different assumptions of what language is impel us, as future EFL teachers, to recognize the enormous responsibility teaching English as a foreign language involves. Due to the fact that we will necessarily have to handle several definitions of what language is and its components (syntax, grammar, phonetics and phonology, semantics,†¦) in order to help students realize the variety of elements they use when communicating with others. For instance, when teaching our students a language level such as phonetics and phonology, which primary involves pronunciation we have to make them aware that it is not only a matter of pronouncing sounds in isolation, but that these sounds are part of a communicative system the use in daily life. In relation to this, Strickland ( U. D ) states that learning a language, whether it is the mother tongue or a foreign one, is learning a system of sounds and their arrangements in words and patterns of organization together with the concepts the words and patterns represent. The following written work has as a primary proposal, the analysis of a speech sample recorded from a beginner speaker of English language who read a four – paragraph newspaper article in which the following vocalic sounds were immersed: mid – low back /? /, low front /? / , mid -high back / /, mid – high front /? / . Through the record we will be analyzing the substitution the speaker made or not of any of the four vocalic sounds mentioned before. We will be explaining why the speaker made that substitution, which factors influenced in the substitution and finally, we will be giving a variety of suggestions / recommendations for the appropriated production of vowel sounds of English and the rest of the inventory sounds. General Objective ? To explain the transference the speaker makes when pronouncing the English vowels which do not belong / exist to Spanish inventory sounds. Specific Objectives ? To demonstrate the articulatory features that influence the speaker when pronouncing English vowel sounds. To establish different factors that affect the Speaker when pronouncing English vowels. ? To provide students accurate and useful pronunciation techniques that will make them improve their pronunciation of English. ONE of the few surprises at the Golden Globes two weeks ago — you’ll be forgiven if you’ve already forgotten about that odd little broadcast — was the award given to â€Å"Carlos,† t he French director Olivier Assayas’s five-hour-plus reconstruction of the life and career of the notorious terrorist of the 1970s and ’80s Carlos the Jackal. The award represented a high point of cosmopolitanism at a predictably parochial event: 11 languages spoken on screen; dozens of locations across Europe and the Middle East; a polyglot cast led by a Venezuelan star, Edgar Ramirez, who has the potential to become an international sex symbol. What more could you want from a foreign film? /w? n ? v fju s? rprajz? z ? t gold? n globz tu wiks ? go ju ll bi f? rg? v? n ? f ju vealready f? rg? t? n ? bawt t ? d l? t? l br? dk? st w? z ?w? rd g? v? n tu k? rlos, fr? nt? d? r? kt? r ol? vie assayas sfive- aw? r- pl? s rik? nstr? k n ? lajf ? nd k? r? r ? v not? ri? s t? r? r? st ? v 1970s ? nd 80s k? rlos d k? l. ?w? rd r? pr? z? nt? d ? haj p? jnt ? v cosmopolitanism ? t ? pr? d? kt? bli p? roki? l ? v? nt: 11 l gw? d z spok? n ? n skrin; d? z? nz ? v loke nz ? kr? s j? r? p ? nd m? d? l ist; ? p? liglat k? st l? d baj ? v? n? zwel? n st? r, dgar r? m, rezwho h? z p? t? n l tu b? k? m ? n ? nt? rn n? l s? ks s? mb? l. w? t m? r k? d ju w? nt fr? m ? f? r? n f? lm/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? / | | | | |/? f/ | | |Substitution of the mid-high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/ t/ | | | | |/l? t? l/ | | | | |/br? k? st/ | | |Back closing diphthong /ou/ instead of | | | | |the mid low back /? / in the first | | | | |syllable. You read "Phonetics and Phonology" in category "Essay examples" | |/br? dk? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/g? v? n/ | | | | |/ol? vie/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/k? r? r/ | | | | |/t? r? r? st/ | | |Substitution of the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/sev? nt? / | | |Deletion of the mid-high back vowel. |/? nd/ | | | | |/e? t? / | | |Deletion of the mid-high back vowel. | |/d k? l/ | | | | |/? t/ | | | | | | | | | |/pr? ? kt? b? l/ | | |Substitution o the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the mid front in the | | | | |first syllable and substitution of Mid-| | | | |high front vowel /I/ for the Spanish | | | | |/i/ in the second syllable. |/? v? nt | | | | |/l gw? d z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central /? / in the first | | | | |syllable. | |/? kr? s/ | | |Substitution of the mid-low back /? , | | | | |for the Spanish /o/ | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central schwa /? / in the second| | | | |syllable. | |/m? d? / | | |Substitution of the Mid- high front | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/k? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the Mid-low back /? / | |/r? mirez/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? | | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/h? z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the Mid-low back /? / | |/b? k? m/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | Substitution of the low front vowel /? | | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/? nt? rn n? l/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? /| | | | |for the central Schwa /? / | |/? nt? rn n? l/ | | | | |/s? mb? l/ | | | | |/k? / | | | | |/f? lm/ | | | | Except that â€Å"Carlos† was not nominated for the Golden Globe in that category (the winner was â€Å"In a Better World,† from Denmark): it was made for, and first shown on, French television, a fact that also rendered it ineligible for consideration — as a foreign-language or any other kind of film — by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which announced its nominees last Tuesday. Mr. Assayas’s dark-horse victory at the Globes was for best miniseries or motion picture made for television. Fair enough, given its origins. Then again, â€Å"Carlos† has encountered its American audience in the way more and more foreign films do these days: on a handful of movie screens in big cities, and on cable and video-on-demand. So its exclusion from the Oscars seems somewhat arbitrary. /? ks? pt t k? rlos w? z n? t n? m? net? d f? r gold? n glob ? n t k? t? g? ri ( w? n? r w? z ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, fr? m d? nm? rk): ? t w? z med f? r, ? nd f? rst ? on ? n, fr? nt? t? l? v n, ? f? kt t ? so r? nd? rd ? t ? n? l? d b? l f? r k? ns? d? re n ? z ? f? r? n- l gw? d? ?r ? ni r kajnd ? v f? lm baj ?k? d? mi ? v mo n p? kt r ? rts ? nd saj? ns? z, w? t? ?nawnst ? ts n? m? niz l? st tuzdi. m? st? r. assayas sdark- h? rs v? kt? ri ? t globz w? z f? r b? st m? nisiriz ? r mo n p? kt r med f? r t? l? v n. f? r ? n? f, g? v? n ? ts ? r? d nz. n ? g? n, k? rlos h? z ? nkawnt? rd ? ts ? m? r? k? n ? di? ns ? n we m? r ? nd m? r f? r? n f? lmz du ? iz dez: ? n ? h? ndf? l ? v muvi skrinz ? n b? g s? tiz, ? nd ? n keb? l ? nd v? dio- ? n- d? m? nd. so ? ts ? ksklu n fr? m sk? rz simz s? mw? t ? rb? tr? ri/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? ks? pt/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the mid front /e/ | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? | |/? n/ | | | | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/k? t? g? ri/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? | |/w? n? r/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? n/ | | | | |/? t/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/t? l? v n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the hig hest front /i/ | |/f? kt/ | | | | |/ t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/? t/ | | | | |/? n? l? d b? l/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ in the second | | | | |syllable. | |/k? ns? d? re / | | | | |/? z/ | | | | |/l gw? d? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the mid-front /e/ | |/en? / | | | | |/f? m/ | | | | |/? k? d? mi/ | | | | |/p? kt r/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/w? t? / | | | | |/? s/ | | | | |/l? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? / | |/m? st? r/ | | | | |/v? kt? ri/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/m? st? r? z/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/p? kt / | | | | |/t? l? v n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/g? v? n/ | | | | |/? ts/ | | | | |/? ? d nz/ | | |Substitution of schwa /? / for the highest | | | | |front vowel /i/ in the second syllable, | | | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ in the third | | | | |syllable. | |/h? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/? ts/ | | | | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? d/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/f? lmz/ | | | | |/h? ndf? l/ | | | | |/h? ndf? l/ | | | | |/? / | | | | |/b? g/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/s? tiz/ | | |Substitution of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/? d/ | | | | |/v? dio/ | | | | |/d? m? nd/ | | | | |/d? m? nd/ | | | | |? s | | | | |? ksklu n | | | | |? sk? rz | | |Substitution of the mid low back /? /, for | | | | |t he Spanish /o/ | But so does everything else about the way the Academy deals with movies from the rest of the world. An elaborate and mysterious winnowing process pares down the thousands of potential nominees to five. This year they are â€Å"Dogtooth† from Greece, â€Å"Incendies† from Canada, â€Å"Biutiful† from Mexico, â€Å"Outside the Law† from Algeria and â€Å"In a Better World,† which might be considered the front-runner if you take the Globes as an omen. /b? t so d? z ? vri ?ls ? bawt we ?k? d? mi dilz w muviz fr? m r? st ? v w? rld. ?n ? l? br? t ? nd m? st? ri? w? no pr? s? s p? rz dawn ?awz? ndz ? v p? t? n l n? m? niz tu fajv. s j? r ? e ? r dogtooth fr? m gris, incendies fr? m k? n? d? , biutiful fr? m m? ks? ko, awtsajd l? fr? m ? ld ri? ?nd ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, w? t? majt bi k? ns? d? rd fr? nt- r? n? r ? f ju tek globz ? z ? n om? n/ |Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? vri / | | | | |/? k? d? i/ | | | | |/w / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/? l? br? t/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? / | |/m? st? r? z/ | | |Substitution of mid high front /I/ for the | | | | |mid-front /e/ in the second syllable. | |/w? no | | | | |/ s/ | | |Replacement of the mid high front /I/ for | | | | |the highest front /i/ | |/j? r/ | | | | |/k? n? d? / | | |The speaker did not produce de vowel sound. |/? ld ri? / | | |Substitution of mid high front /I/ for the | | | | |mid-front /e/ in the second syllable. | |/? ld ri? / | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the Mid-low back /? / in the first syllable | |/? n/ | | | | |/w? ? / | | | | |/k? ns? d? rd/ | | | | |/? f/ | | | | |/? z/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schwa /? | |/? n/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel /? / for| | | | |the central Schw a /? / | â€Å"Dogtooth† came and went on a few American screens last spring, and â€Å"Outside the Law† had a brief run in December (and may return shortly); only â€Å"Biutiful,† whose globally famous star, Javier Bardem, was nominated for best actor, is likely to be playing now at a theater near you. The others will be released in the late winter or early spring, in the hopes of realizing some kind of box office bounce. The usual pre-nomination handicapping — the canvassing of critical opinion and the weighing of popular sentiment — does not apply to these movies, which might in principle make the choices less compromised, but in practice only serves to make them more confusing. dogtooth kem ? nd w? nt ? n ? fju ? m? r? k? n skrinz l? st spr , ? nd awtsajd l? h? d ? brif r? n ? n d? s? mb? r ( ? nd me r? t? rn rtli); onli biutiful, huz glob? i fem? s st? r, h? vi? r bardem, w? z n? m? net? d f? r b? st ? kt? r, ? z lajkli tu bi ple naw ? t ? ?i? t? r n? r ju. rz w? l bi rilist ? n let w? nt? r ? r ? rli spr , ? n hops ? v ril? jz s? m kajnd ? v b? ks ? f? s bawns. ju w? l pri- n? m? ne n h? ndik? p k? nv? s ?v kr? t? k? l ? p? nj? n ? nd we ?v p? pj? l? r s? nt? m? nt d? z n? t ? plaj tu ? iz muviz, w? t? majt ? n pr? ns? p? l mek t js? z l? s k? mpr? m? j zd, b? t ? n pr? kt? s onli s? rvz tu mek m m? r k? nfjuz / Phonetic Transcription |Well pronounced |mispronounced |Segment used for substitution | |/? nd/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel| | | | |/? / for the central Schwa /? / | |/l? st/ | | |Substitution of the low front vowel| | | | |/? for the low-back. | |/spr / | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/h? d/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/? d/ | | | | |/? kt? r/ | | | | |/? z/ | | | | |/ple / | | | | |/? t/ | | | | |/n? / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the central diphthong| | | | |/I? / | |/w? l/ | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/? / | | | | |/w? nt? r/ | | | | |/spr / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/ril? jz / | | | | |/? ? s/ | | |Substitution of the mid low back | | | | |/? /, for the Spanish /o/ | |/h? ndik? p / | | |Substitution of the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/h? ndik? p | | | | |/k? nv? s / | | | | |/k? nv? s / | | |Substitution o f the mid-high back | | | | |vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ | |/kr? t? k? l/ | | | | |/? p? j? n/ | | | | |/? nd/ | | | | |/we / | | | | |/w? t? / | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/pr? s? p? l/ | | | | |/? n/ | | | | |/pr? kt? s/ | | | | |/k? nfjuz / | | | | METHODOLOGY An IPC student from the Second semester was selected for the recording of the speech sample which was one of the main concerns of this investigation. The recording was made on February 9th in a classroom of the IPC. The electronic device used was a low quality cell phone whose recording application allowed us to record the student’s speech and then, through USB connection, transferred the audio to the PC and copied the data in a CD-ROM. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS †¢ CHART N? 1 Production of the vowel sound mid – low back /? / in a text read by a student of the second semester at the IPC. | |Pronunciation | | |Sound | | | | | |Substitution | | |Well – Pronounced | | | | | |Mispronounced | | | | | |Substitution of the mid | |/? |0 |4 |low back /? /, for the | | |0% |100 % |Spanish /o/ in most of | | | | |the cases. | †¢ For the vowel sound low front /? / (fifty – three times). †¢ For the vowel sound mid -high back /? / (two – times). â⠂¬ ¢ For the vowel sound mid – high front /? / (eighty – two times). †¢ For the vowel sound mid-low back /? / ( four times) Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |2 |0 | | |/? / |100% |0% |None | |Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |57 |24 | | |/? |70% |30% |In most of the cases, | | | | |replacement of the mid high | | | | |front /I/ for the highest | | | | |front /i/ | Sound |Right |Wrong |Substitution | | |22 |31 | | |/? / |42% |58% |In most of the cases, | | | | |Substitution of the low front| | | | |vowel /? for the central | | | | |Schwa /? / | 1- The speaker’s most troublesome sound was the mid – low back vowel of English /? /, although its incidence in the whole article was very low, only four times. Nevertheless, the student substituted the English sound /? / whose lip- position is similar to the one of Spanish / o /, that is, slightly rounded. 2- After the mid-low back vowel, the most troublesome sound was the low front vowel /? /, due t o the fact that the speaker substituted this sound /? / in most of the cases for schwa /? or Mid-low back /? /, in which the lips are slightly spread and the vowels for the substitution are lax (/? /) and tense (/? /) respectively. Some aspects that may cause trouble for the speaker is the word spelling, because sometimes they tend to get confused or doubtful when pronouncing a word, in the moment they see a difficult or uncommon spelling. RECOMMENDATIONS In order to facilitate our labor as future English teachers and to encourage our students to learn the language while developing effective skills, being speaking our main concern, the researchers selected a series of educational techniques: ? Readings As future EFL teachers we have to expose our students to English language through â€Å"readings† in which students will find a visual stage (graphemes) and an auditory one (phonemes). Students will read aloud pieces of writings made by them or any selected reading material made by the teacher such as, short stories A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, To Build a fire by Jack London, or any play such as: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Students will read or hear structures like: pot – stop, tip – sleep, car – bad and the will also be aware of the likenesses or differences among vocalic sounds immersed in the readings. Dictation EFL teachers must develop listening skill, so as a speaking one, in their students and this can be done through the appropriate use of dictation as a useful and realistic technique that will allow students to receive a phonic background and then to analyze the spelling data involved, that is, graphemes. The most important part of this method is that students will be able to create the pieces of writings that will be read by the teacher or among the classmates and whose content will be according to their interests and experiences, so student? creative expression will also be taken into account as essential part of the learning process. ? Poetry According to Stuckland (1962) students like poetry first for its singing quality, for its rhyme, rhythm and all that goes into the melody of verse. That is, the enjoyable environment poetry creates when students interpret its content. Suggested poems will be: Hickory, Dickory, Dock by William Wallace Denslow in whose content are presented a variety of vowel sounds. CONCLUSIONS In order to make our students aware of the different vowels in English, we as English teachers, have to clarify and exemplify several exercises for them, to make a distinction in pronunciation patterns of the sounds they can find more troublesome in English. We can write similar words in the board and provide a distinction of sounds to differentiate them, so students could see the pronunciation if we would practice with them the distinction and very essential, the spelling patterns for the English vowel productions and examples with these. Furthermore, if we teach these spelling patterns criteria and we practice the pronunciation of these difficult vowels for our students, they will assimilate and acquire a better understanding, specifically if we focus our attention on these vowels /? / and /? /. As another useful activity, we can encourage our students to produce the different vowels of English by different techniques, and be aware of common mistakes in the utterance of the mid-low back and /? / and the low front /? /. Regarding this, we can explain our students different techniques to practice in the classroom, such as reading activities, dictations, spelling patterns, pronunciation differences and others. Finally, we as EFL teachers have to be more sensible while listening to our student? s vowel production and when they find it difficult to make a distinction between the vowel systems of English and Spanish, and we can provide them with a comparison and contrast pattern, in order to provide them with the comprehension and accurate distinction between these systems, making their pronunciation more accurate. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES SAPIR, EDWARD  (1921)  Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. Harcourt Brace and Company, Orlando, Florida. STRICKLAND, RUTH (1969) The language arts. D. C Health and Company. Lexington, Massachusetts. A. C,GIMSON (1962) An introduction to the pronunciation of English. Reader in Phonetics, University College, London. A. C,GIMSON (1975) A practical Course of English Pronunciation, a perceptual approach. Edward Arnold Publishers, 25 Hill Street, London. ———————– Professor: Viktor Carrasquero Hickory, dickory, dock The mouse ran up the clock The clock struck one, The mouse ran down, Hickory, dickory, dock How to cite Phonetics and Phonology, Essay examples

Indigenous Community And Rest Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Indigenous Community And Rest Australia? Answer: Introducation Before European colonisation, there were individuals who moved out from the groups of individuals who lived in Australia and the neighbouring islands; they are commonly known as Indigenous Australians. However, they are not a single group but large number of people with diverse culture, opinion and values. Torres Strait Islanders who originated from Torres Strait Island, part of Queensland and Aboriginal people who originated from almost all of the rest parts of Australia are the two separate groups who are referred as Indigenous Australians. Some of over 700 languages spoken by Australian at the time of colonization are even now spoken by these groups. Owing to recurring climatic changes indigenous people lived a nomadic life before the advent of Europeans and did not stay at a particular place for a long time. In order to have regular supply of food, they administered frail surroundings cautiously. In todays scenario most of aboriginals resides in towns, cities and suburbs in vulnerable circumstances. Due to pilfering of their land, lot of indigenous people are employed in livestock ranches. However, several of them continue to hunt and reside on their terrain. Following incursion by the Britishers, most of their land was taken over (Survival. 2016) which adversely affected them physically and mentally and caused several diseases which in turn reduced their population. In this discussion, we will take mental health issues, depression and smoking into consideration and how they adversely affect Indigenous Australians more than non-Indigenous people. Profile Of The Community Presently, Indigenous community accounts for around 3 percent of total Australian inhabitants (Discover Stories. 2015). They not only reside in suburbs but also in main towns and cities; almost 208,500 indigenous people are in New South Wales making it the largest state with such people and maximum ratio which is 30 percent in North Territory. However, 744,956 of these inhabitants are projected to be residing in Australia as per data collected from 2011 consensus. The Indigenous population comprises more of young people than old ones as compared to non-indigenous people. It is anticipated that in the year 2006, age of partial non Indigenous inhabitants were 37 years or fewer which was 21years or fewer in case of indigenous inhabitants (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2010). Also, in the year 2011, 90% of Aboriginals, 6% of Torres Strait Islander and 4% of both Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander together were recognized as Indigenous individuals. The above figure clearly shows percentage of population with respect to each age group. Indigenous population more concentrated in lower age groups with the percentage of non-indigenous population scattered through different age groups. Moving forward, if we take into consideration births and deaths of these people as compared to other Australians, there is a great disparity. Non Australians females had 1.8 births in their lifespan which was around 2.3 births in the lifespan of indigenous females, as estimated in the year 2015 with total births of approximately 18,537 and total deaths estimated to be 3,088. It is also projected that the male population born in the year 2010-2012 of such people are possible to live around 69 years which is around 10 years younger than the other Australian population and amongst the females the age expected is 74 years which is 83 for other Australian females. Indigenous operational age people engaged in labour power accounted for 56% as per census date 9th August 2011; still 17.2% which was one out of every six of them were out of work (Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2013). These particular figures were adverse as compared to non Indigenous ones. Unemployment rate amongst them is over three times greater than rest of the Australians. More of young age groups accounts for the working population amongst them. Also, there is a disparity amongst their men and women as far as unemployment is concerned. Globally, Indigenous culture is considered as the ancient existing culture. Their culture is diversified with people communicating in several dissimilar languages. They have distinctive artistic capabilities and their work particularly modern art is well known worldwide. However, due to ecological changes, its culture has changed and evolved through these years. However, the overall health of Indigenous people depends on the environment in which they reside which comprises of factors such as pollution control, water supply, healthy food, sufficient infrastructure etc. Huge discrimination is faced by Indigenous people as far as these factors and their health is concerned. Poor infrastructure and disparate admittance to hospitals are the main reasons for heath disparity between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007). Health Of The Community-Definition The main issue of the discussion is the health disparity and causes of the same between Indigenous and the other communities in Australia. Health of the said community is the communal, psychological and literary safety rather than only the corporal wellbeing of individuals. It is the safety, honesty and synchronization of a person as well as the society. The difference between the health condition of Indigenous and rest of community also depends on factors that affect social structure such as education, basis of earnings, the amount of earnings etc. Indigenous people are not provided equivalent prospect to be healthy as compared to others. As far as continuing proceedings like life expectation is concerned, no development on such issue has been taken. Thus, being secluded from conventional services and lesser admission to health services and pitiable infrastructure are the major reasons of disparities between the communities. Health Indicators In this particular discussion, we will consider mental health , depression and smoking as the health indicators affecting the Indigenous community and how these indicators more adversely affects them as compared to the other communities. Indigenous are more likely to suffer from mental agony owing to social and monetary inequitable conditions. Mental illness is defined as a substantial emotional disorder which affects a person and causes major pain. According to a survey conducted on youngsters mental health is amongst top three problems faced in the country in past 15 years wherein cultural inequity is faced by one out of five teenage Indigenous people and prejudice is faced by one out of seven teenage females (Knaus. 2016). As per report issued in the year 2014, there has been a striking rise in mental ailment, anxiety and depression amongst young Indigenous criminals and perinatal psychological issues in females (Korff. 2017). Indigenous Australians were expected to be suffering and hospitalized two times more from psychological and behavioural ailment than others in the year 2003-04. Depression mainly affects individuals suffering from psychological strain. It is estimated in the past 15years around 33% of the said population experienced huge level of mental stress and affected more females than males. Reports also show that young Indigenous people which are approximately 26% are more prone to be affected by dementia as compared to rest of the community. Another mental issue wherein an individual fails to differentiate between actual and imaginary, suffers from hallucinations is categorized as Schizophrenia. Indigenous community is more likely to suffer from the said mental ailment. Smoking is the major reason of persistent diseases amongst Indigenous Australia. Not only men but over half of females are addicted to smoking in the said community. While there has been decrease in the overall smoking rates in Australia, Indigenous people smoking rates are still higher ranging between 43% to 54% (Kroff. 2016). There are several causes of the widespread extent of mental illness, depression and smoking amongst the said community. Because of the disownment of land at the time of the incursion and diverse cultural differences, Indigenous community majorly suffers from extreme sorrow and failure unlike the rest of the community. There has been a measure taken by the government for the continual taking away of children which increases psychological pressure amongst them. Since the said community has been suffering from mental trauma, depression and other mental disorders are more likely to develop and be passed on to the future generation which is unlikely in case of othe r communities. There has been huge incidence of cultural discrimination against the said community which adversely affects their emotional wellbeing. With very less employment opportunities, they are constantly stressed about their monetary stability. Out of all Indigenous Australians, 23 % are believed to be suffering from both mental as well as physical illness. Thus, pitiable physical health automatically increases the stress an individual face which is not the case of rest of the community. Unawareness of the possible impact of smoking and lack of education accounts for increased smoking rates. Also, huge number of Indigenous people are in prison and faces violence there as well as on domestic front accounting for increase in depression and other mental diseases. Conclusion At the end, we conclude that there is a vast inequality amongst Indigenous Australians and the rest of the community as far as health is concerned. In this discussion we particularly took mental illness, depression and smoking to explain such disparity. However, not only these but there are great disparities faced by the said community as far as other major health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases etc are concerned. It is clear from the above discussion that Indigenous Australians are treated differently from other Australians. The infant mortality rate is also higher in case of Indigenous population in Australia. Deterioration of their health started with the colonization which caused several diseases like typhoid, influenza etc. There were more adverse affects in terms of destitution and racial discrimination which triggered more deterioration. Racism is considered as one of the major cause of depression. Loss of their own property and neglect has further aggravated their health issues. Moving forward, as discussed above with an increased unemployment rates amongst young Indigenous people it in turn increased mental unrest amongst them. There are a number of socio economic inequalities in factors that affects their health. The affect of such factors are comparatively lasting. These factors not only cause mental disorders but have an adverse impact on their circulatory, immunity and hormonal functions. Lack of education reduces their potential to use health care services. Also, with low earnings they cannot afford proper health services. Indigenous Australians also has poor and congested housing infrastructure which causes contagious diseases. These problems are not faced by non-Indigenous ones. It is estimated that the main cause of major diseases amongst Indigenous people is smoking in the year 2011(Australian Indigenous HealthInfo Net. 2016). Ignorance amongst people about impact of smoking on their health is the major reason of increased rates. Getting earnings in tobacco instead of cash aggravates the problem. With people living in congested houses, smoking affects children inertly. Increased smoking rates are majorly liable for increased inequity which is around 23% in health amongst the communities. Hence to summarize the above points, numerous factors are responsible for health disparity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and rest of Australia and proper measures should be undertaken by individuals as well as the government to remove such gap. By providing proper health care services, proper employment opportunities and education, improving household as well as health care infrastructure, making people more aware of adverse affects of tobacco and dr ugs, removing racial discrimination and by giving ownership of land and proper guidance related to health can definitely reduce the gap between health disparity amongst the communities References: Survival (2016). Aboriginal people. Retrieved from https://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/aboriginals Discover Stories. (2015). Who are Indigenous Australians?. Retrieved from https://www.australianstogether.org.au/stories/detail/who-are-indigenous-australians-4 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). 4713.0- Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006. Retrieved form https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4713.0Explanatory%20Notes12006?OpenDocument. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). 4102.0- Australian Social Trends, Nov 2013. Retrieved form https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Nov+2013#PARTICIPATIONANDUNEMPLOYMENT Australian Human Rights Commission (2007). Social determinants and the health of Indigenous peoples in Australia- a human rights based approach. Retrieved from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based Korff (2017). Mental health and Aboriginal people. Retrieved from http https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/health/mental-health-and-aboriginal-people Korff (2016). Aboriginal smoking: a serious health problem. Retrieved from https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/health/aboriginal-smoking-a-serious-health-problem Australian Indigenous Healthinfo Net (2016). Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. Retrieved from https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary#population Knaus (2016). Mental health is one of main issues facing Australia, says youth survey. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/05/mental-health-is-one-of-main-problems-facing-australia-says-youth-surve

Elizabethan Era Architecture and Interior Design (Outline) Essay Example

Elizabethan Era: Architecture and Interior Design (Outline) Essay Elizabethan era architecture and interior design outline BY Stool 5 Architecture and Interior Design Outline Introduction The houses of the 19th century were considered as out mooted and poorly decorated. 1 . The main idea for a family home in the 19th century was an opened floor plan. 2. The main floor of a Victorian house included the porch, living room, and a dining kitchen. 3. Before the 19th century each room served its own purpose, such as a parlor, library, and 4. The number of sitting rooms. Bedrooms upstairs decreased because it was the new trend to have smaller families. The more smaller rooms you had in your house the warmer it would stay. B. During the 19th century rooms were decorated and painted in bold colors with wooden floors. 1 . Windows no longer carried long drapes that came down to the floor. 2. Bookshelves and wardrobes were then being built in. 3. This left the floor nice and clear for rearrangement of furniture and to hold various activities. 4. In Mission Style homes wood furniture was suited best by complimenting the home. 5. The wooden furniture was also most affordable to the middle class and less fortunate. 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Elizabethan Era: Architecture and Interior Design (Outline) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Elizabethan Era: Architecture and Interior Design (Outline) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Elizabethan Era: Architecture and Interior Design (Outline) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The furniture lacked In comfort so people had to add throw pillows to the seats, and backs of the chairs, but the furniture did make up in durability. 7. This furniture was also used In schools, because of their durability. The art Nouveau Style of decoration was much more expensive so It was often found In the homes of the wealthy. 1. The designer of the furniture was the son of the most popular American Jeweler and silversmith. 2. The designers name was Louis Comfort Tiffany. 3. The decorative age American Renaissance took over In 1875, Louis The Home Insurance Building was demolished In 1884. Floor. Bookshelves and wardrobes were then being built in. Less fortunate. The furniture lacked in comfort so people had to add throw durability. This furniture was also used in schools, because of their durability. The art Nouveau Style of decoration was much more expensive so it was often found in the homes of the wealthy. The decorative age American Renaissance took over in 1875, Louis C. Tiffany was a large factor in this takeover, with expensive taste. Interior designer, who specialized in tiles, wall hangings, murals, and stained glass. 7. His Job was to give character and personality to Victorian mansions, theaters, and 9. His name soon became known as the biggest name in design and decoration. 11. The father (Charles Lewis Tiffany) owned Tiffany . C. For building the buildings during this time period they made the transition from iron frame to steel frame in 1880. They started making the buildings taller. 3. The definition of a skyscraper to an architect is a metal frame building at least 4. The home insurance building was the worlds first 5. Compared to the buildings now this nothing.

20 Proficient Essay Topics The Best Facts from the History of Internet Development

20 Proficient Essay Topics The Best Facts from the History of Internet Development In our previous guide, 11 facts on Internet history for a proficient essay, you were given some very interesting research material and now you must be aching to go with a particular topic. You’re in luck because this part of the guide is going to do just that. We have a few highly essay-worthy topics you might find helpful. We assure you after reading these 20 topic suggestions, your mind will be swirling with creative ideas. Here are 20 topics on Internet history for a proficient essay: The Inspiration Behind the Internet. The Global Expansion of the Internet Moral and Ethical Dilemmas with The Expansion of the Internet technology Globally Traffic Handling on the Internet. Spread of the Internet Through Satellites in Outer Space From Telephone to the Internet – Point to Point Communications to Wide Area Networks The Modern Historical Uses of the Internet in Cases Of Wars, Turmoil and Natural Disasters. How File Sharing Conquered a Major Chunk of the Internet Business Uses of the Internet – from Inception Till to Date. The Unreliability of the Internet – No Alternative to the Internet The Evolution of the Internet Development of WWW at CERN Birth of TCP – Transmission Control Protocol Brief History of Internet Browsers The Distribution of the Internet through ISPs The Future of the Internet – What to Expect Now The History of E-marketing How the Internet Revolutionized the Field of Research The Science Behind Domain Names Why Is the Internet Termed as the Most Important Scientific Discovery of the 20th Century? These topic suggestions are sure to spark your intellectual juices so you can write a compelling essay on the Internet’s history. You have half your work cut out; the next part of this guide is a detailed piece on how to write a history essay on the Internet. That’s not all; below is a sample essay on one of the topics mentioned above. This is to give you a fair idea on how to go about writing the essay. Without further ado, here’s the sample essay: Sample Proficient Essay: Development of WWW at CERN It was the year 1980 when Tim Berners-Lee built ENQUIRE. At the time, Mr. Lee was an independent contractor who worked at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). ENQUIRE was originally designed to be a database for people and models of software. Other purposes included displaying hypertext which means that every page of ENQUIRE was connected to another existing page. Although his contract in the year 1980 was to expire in December, Mr. Lee would return to CERN four years later in 1984 and this time, in a more permanent capacity. He took over the emerging demand and challenges of information management at a time when physicists from all over the globe were desperately looking for better means to share data. It was a dire need at the time to have a common machine which could share data and presentation software. After the return of Mr. Lee at CERN, TCP/IP protocols were installed on a few specific machines which were running non-Unix platforms. Within a few years the institution became one of the most prominent Internet hubs in Europe. CERN’s infrastructure was then the perfect nest for the Internet’s egg to be laid in and all this was possible due to Berners-Lee. And we saw the creation of The Web. In March 1989 Berners-Lee, presented a project proposal which would make access to large hypertext databases possible through typed links. This proposal, unfortunately, was far ahead of its time and attracted very little attention, though Berners-Lee’s boss, Mike Sendall, encouraged him to start building the platform. Hence, Berners-Lee began working on the NeXT workstation to make the proposal possible. It came to be known by several names such as The Information Mine, Mine of Information and Information Mesh. Eventually, Mr. Lee settled on the name we know today as the World Wide Web. It was a lonely road after that, so to speak, and it wasn’t until Christmas of 1990 that Mr. Lee had all the tools necessary to launch a functional Web; the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 0.9, the first Web browser, the first web server, the first HTTP server software and last but not the least, the first ever web page were all made official, which explained the project itself. The initial browser was able enough to handle FTP files and access Usenet newsgroups. The limitation was that it could only run on NeXT. It was Nicola Pellow who translated the system to a simple text browser known as Line Mode Browser which almost any computer could run. To ensure that CERN would still be used, Bernd Pollermann uploaded CERN’s contact information on the web. This was a good development because earlier web users had to log onto the mainframe if they wanted to get that contact information. References: Kenneth P. Birman (2005). Reliable Distributed Systems: Technologies, Web Services, and Applications. Springer-Verlag New York Incorporated. Hillebrand, Friedhelm (2002). Hillebrand, Friedhelm, ed. GSM and UMTS, The Creation of Global Mobile Communications. John Wiley Sons Abbate, Janet (1999). Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press Ryan, Johnny (2010). A history of the Internet and the digital future. London, England: Reaktion Books. Turings Legacy: A History of Computing at the National Physical Laboratory 1945–1995, David M. Yates, National Museum of Science and Industry, 1997 Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (1996). Computer Networks. Prentice Hall. Mueller, Milton L. (2010). Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance. MIT Press.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Assignment Example name infringes on the use of the trademark name, a person other than the owner of the trademark should be able to continue to use the domain name.†1 In addition to this, The Domestic Trademark Law allows users to register domain names that resemble a specific trademark, on condition that the goods and the services provided are different, which is the case of Canadian Crafts Connexion Inc. Moreover, the Canterbury Crafts Connection Company has a registered United Kingdom trademark for CanCraftsConnexCo., not for Cancraftsconnex. Even if the English company would try to combat this argument with the fact that these two trademarks seem confusingly similar, CCC has the possibility to argue this by mentioning that for the purposes of the UDRP confusion is not of great importance. Another element that the Canterbury Crafts Connection Company must prove in order to force CCC to hand over their domain name is the lack of rights or legitimate reasons of the defendant in the challenged domain name. In this case, I would advise CCC to demonstrate this interest by appealing to the entire name of the company – Canadian Crafts Connexion Inc. and explaining the necessity of using the shortened name for the website. Therefore, CCC has a legitimate reason in this domain name, which allows it, under the law provisions, to preserve this name. Regarding the first request, the defamatory character of the painting must be established in order to understand whether it is defamatory or not. There is no exact legislation in Canada that would clarify this question; therefore, it is necessary to make analogies between the internet communications and the communications made via media. Publication or dissemination to a third party is essential to proving defamation. Posting the painting online means making it available and communicating the picture’s message to everybody. This raises the following legal issue: does the internet communication fall under the provisions of the Libel and

To what extent is globalisation a new phenomenon Essay

To what extent is globalisation a new phenomenon - Essay Example hether it symbolizes something â€Å"novel† or a new epoch or merely the most recent and not essentially most important phase in a long historical development. This argument has both an empirical and conceptual aspect. It is debated on the one side that developments and trends connected with the globalization process cannot be compared with the substantiation of internationalization of free flow of products, labour and capital and economic intercourse during the late nineteenth century. According to Dicken (1992), many studies have corroborated that free flow of products; capital and labour were greater in the phases up to First World War than during the last quarter of the twentieth century. (Veltmeyer 13) Further, supporters of globalization are of the view that prior types of this internationalization were not companioned by any extent near the same magnitude of the economic assimilation, and hence it did not end in the formation of an integrated global manufacturing system. Theorists of globalization argue that the whole gamut of change has been buttressed by the enhanced technological process, supported by the increasing role of the multinational corporations and assisted by liberalization and deregulation of market all over the globe. (Griffin and Khan 59-66). These theorists assert that the difference between the present and the past is in the technological conditions of this globalization (a transformation in communication technology and its appropriate policy and institutional frame work (reforms in a free market, measures like structural adjustment) and the magnitude of systematic assimilation or integration. (Veltmeyer 13) When compared to progress during the industrial revolution and the reforms introduced during and after the First World War, the current globalization process has come with liberalization of free flow of products, capital, services, information and technology. Further, there has been deregulation in associated economic atmospheres

Academic English Writing in Bioscience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic English Writing in Bioscience - Essay Example This paper seeks to address both good and bad factors that have arisen from organ donation. The body organs that are usually considered for donation include hearts, kidneys, lungs, livers, and the pancreas. Body tissues that are donated include skin, corneas, connective tissues, bone, and blood vessels. According to (Tilney, 2003:137), â€Å"the donation of a liver, heart, pancreas, and lungs can only take place if the donor is brain dead. The donation of body tissues like skin, bone, and corneas, on the other hand, can take place in spite of age as well as with any fatal outcome.† In the last decade, there are some factors that have increased the number of organ transplant that have been successfully carried out. These include: 3) The creation of improved methods for the maintenance of donor organs after their surgical removal. According to (Bramstedt and Down, 2011:61), there was a five percent increase in the total number of organ transplants carried out in 2010 in the United Kingdom compared to the previous year. This amounted to 3706 people receiving new organs. More transplant centres were also started in the major hospitals. According to (Bramstedt and Down, 2011:94) doctors felt more prepared to take on additional transplant cases because of the improvement of technologies that preserve the state of the organs when in transit to the recipient. On one hand, organ donation gives another person who was close to death a chance to live. Supporters of organ transplants point out that extending life to another person is the noblest thing that any human can do. On the other hand, as (Schwartz, 2005:58) states, the opponents of organ donation have in the past pointed out that organ donation operations are fraught with risks for the donor. This is not something that is often spoken about. According to (Schwartz, 2005:76), â€Å"as a half of all liver donors usually have to deal with complications like more surgical

Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay

Report On The Airasia Tourism Essay 1.0 Executive summary The current situation of Air market is not steady and could satisfy needs of customers, more and more negative news appear to show depression of AirAsia. AirAsia is a Malaysian-based company which owns airlines in Asia with low cost and provide 400 flight lines over 25 countries, the AirAsia was first founded in 1993 and operated in 1998 (Sen Ng, 2008). With almost 20-year history, AirAsia could be regarded as the most successful company in Asia. Brief analysis of AirAsia will be given in the report and further information will be provided to further support assistance for readers to know about AirAsia. 2.0 Introduction The air market is struggling at present, more competitors are involved in the battle and the competence seems intense than ever before, higher price of energy and lower price of flights drive most of airplane companies loss profit and reduce revenue (Kernchen, 2007). Airline market in Europe, America especially in Asia is developing in opposite direction, with effects of financial crisis, less customers go out to travel by plane; economy is also influenced by crisis which drives less businessmen go aboard to invest by plane (Shaw, 2011). The airline companies around world are all affected by crisis, decrease the revenue. At the same time, the speed of development of technology is beyond imagination of people, most airline companies purchase new planes from countries expert in measuring planes such as America, China and Russia, which increase cost and make more difficult to balance finance. The objective of the report is to supply information of AirAsia for readers and assist them to better understand the factors affecting AirAsia in the future, potential threats AirAsia will face with. The report will state an analysis of AirAsia with PESTEL method, from various aspects to show the key external factors affect the development of AirAsia. Then the second part will discuss how the Market Liberalization in the Asia-Pacific assisted AirAsia growth in the region. The third part of report will implement data to show a SWOT analysis of AirAsia and Porters five forces to further supply information of AirAsia. With SWOT analysis and Porters five forces, potential challenges will be given which AirAsia will face in the future. Finally a conclusion will be referred to. 3.0 External factors affect AirAsia Many factors will affect the development of an industry, which could easily divided into external and internal factors. To drive organizations progress better in the changeable world, to analyze and know what potential factors will affect organizations is essential. Eternal factors are easy to handle and organizations could prepare in advance before problems appear, especially for countries in Asia, most countries are at developing groups, external factors such as politics, economy or climates will affect organizations development in long-term (Kohama, 2003). Airline industry is easy affected by those external factors, so the following content will give a PESTEL analysis to help readers know what will affect AirAsia. 3.1 PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis is used by managers as one of the most essential frameworks to study the external factors that affect development of organizations, PESTEL stands for Political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal ( William Green, 1997). The following content will focus on situation in Asia in the view of PESTEL analysis. Political factors: Asia is a mixed region compared with other areas, there are various countries with different government systems, besides, Asia has a long history, however, most Asian seem to have the similar cultural backgrounds, the policies each country hold are totally different, and the independence movements are continues recently ( Zhang, 2003). AirAsia owns many subsidiaries in many Asian countries, since cold war, with intense relationship between China and Japan, Taiwan, continues conflict between South Korea and North Korea, the flights of AirAsia are affected by these political factors, the relationships among Asian countries are difficult to fortell and the politics in each country seem unsteady ( Yahuda,2005). Economic factors: The economic growth in Asia increased faster since 1945, especially China and Japan, with independent and away from wars, these two countries develop beyond imagination. However, influenced by financial crisis, most Asian countries are struggling economic depression, the inflation rate raise, exchange rates change daily (Adams, 2006). All these unsteady factors drive less export and less people spend money on tourism which directly affects the revenue of AirAsia. The profit decline with less customers and less export for AirAsia. Social factors: In Asia, tourism is not thought about as usual as Europeans, which means, under the effects of cultural background, Asians spend less money on tourism. However, Asians are sensitive to change of price, especially when they desire to go out by plane, lower price will attract them, AirAsia holds the advantages of lower price. With more branches set up in Asian countries, AirAsia will appeal more Asian customers. The population in Asia increase fast, changeable population in Asia drive more young people change locations to live, China and India, these two biggest countries in Asia means change of demand for AirAsia (Sanderson Tan, 1995) Technological factors: Technology plays important role in the airline industry especially for AirAsia which implement the low cost carriers. With more and more experts appearance in Asia, competitors in the field of airline are able to invent new things to reduce cost to win in the battle, if AirAsia wants win finally, the key is to invite more professional experts to join them. Innovation of competitors affects revenue of AirAsia, too. New airplanes with high technology would appeal to customers to change purchasing habits. Environmental factors: Climate is a key factor which influences the revenue of AirAsia, however, natural factors are not planned or changed by human beings. Most of Asia countries realize the importance of protection for environment, with globalization and development of technology, the pollution raise and the living surroundings are damaged. Now, the slogan of energy saving and emission reduction is popular in China, governments request most organizations use clear energy to produce, especially for airline companies, lower cost but less pollutions to environment, fuel or gas must conform to law of countries. Legal factors: Taxation requested for customers will be increase by most countries, which will affect the revenue of AirAsia. Facing more taxation for tickets, customers will feel uncomfortable and ask to reduce the price of tickets. Tariff will change according to current economic situation of the world, especially for Asian countries who export goods with lower cost to compete with domestic industry. Environmental protection regulations will change to request AirAsia to use clear fuel or gas which increase cost and reduce revenue. Laws of export and import will also affect AirAsia, all these depend on policies of Asian countries and economy of the world. 3.2 SWOT analysis After stating key external factors which will affect the revenue of AirAsia, the company also needs tools to analyze under these factors, what the development in the future, the SWOT analysis pursues an integrated strategic position by providing internal information to conclude the strengths, weakness and external information of opportunities and threats ( Bohm, 2009). The SWOT analysis of AirAsia can be seen below: Figure 1: Strengths: Low cost compared with other competitors, the core value of AirAsia is low cost in Asia. Effective management, correct strategic positions, target customers. Simple models implemented in AirAsia, exploring for long time to find out suitable developing models. Secure time and high quality of service attract more customers. Expansion with more than five countries in Asia, multi-skilled employees in company means efficient workforce. Continues innovation, experts teams to invent new type of airplanes. Various airlines for customers, proving more choices for customers. Weakness: Lower cost means lower salary for employees, could not appeal skilled employees. Government regulation and policies often change towards airports, higher taxation for customers and tariff for export and import. More needs of customers, higher compensation asked by passengers increase cost of the company. New entrants in this field, more intense competition in Asia. Increasing price of gas and fuel, less profit for AirAsia. Brand is vital for market, airplanes only with service worse than competitors who ask for higher price. Opportunities: Airlines from Asia to other countries should be provided. Different model but still keep the principle of lower cost carriers. Increase quality of customer service and try to set up a full-service with low fare. Aggressive competition will drive air market prospers for new routes. Higher price of fuel will push competitors out of air industry. Threats: Full service increase cost of AirAsia. Entrants of air industry with lower cost. Accident, change of climate and disaster will influence confidence of consumers. Close relationship among each system in AirAis will limit development of company. Higher salary asked by skilled employees, increasing cost of labor. Government regulations and intense relationship among specific countries, unsteady politics in Asia. (Lim, 2012) 3.3 Porters Five Forces Porters five forces are used by managers to predict potential threats from competitors which will provide a model for managers to better understand the industry (Roy, 2011). After stating PESTEL and SWOT analysis of AirAsia, further information related with competitors will be provided in the following part. The diagram of Porters five forces could better help readers to know more about potential threats for AirAsia. Figure 2 ¼Ã… ¡ Rivalry Strong competitors from China and Singapore with the similar motto everyone can afford the air ticket as AirAsia. Examples such as Spring Airlines in China and Value Air, Tiger Airways in Singapore are strong competitors for AirAsia. Substitutes In the field of air industry, the substitutes are not essential threats for AirAsia. Cars and trains are main substitutes, however, trains are chosen by passages only in China and India, with lower price and safe condition, not affected by change of climate, trains are influence air industry. Cars can be regarded as threats for AirAsia in limited conditions, only for customers who like driving and do not care time. Threats of new entrants Asian air market is a huge market with potential for most companies, not only for Asian air companies, new entrants from Europe and America also involve in intense competition with AirAsia. New entrants will change the supply and demand, affecting AirAsia market share. New airplanes and special service will attract loyal customers from AirAsia to new entrants. Bargaining power of buyers. Consumers have more choices facing large numbers of air companies; they will request higher quality of service and be strict with the take off time and arrival time. They will compare prices of competitors with AirAsia, complaining lower price of other airlines to reduce revenue of AirAsia. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers concentrated, fuel or gas suppliers are mainly in East Asia, and the price of fuel and gas are changing without any bargaining of air companies. Fewer suppliers for fuel and aircrafts mean higher price they could ask for. The growth of AirAsia depends on many factors; the report has stated key external factors which will influence revenue of AirAsia, internal factors of strengths and weakness of AirAsia. 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the report has stated three analysis of AirAsia in order to supply enough information for readers to understand the strategic positions and models the company implement. With PESTEL analysis, key external factors influencing AirAsia are mentioning and SWOT analysis to provide AirAsia strengths and weakness, AirAsia should keep the core value and supply better service with low cost carriers in long term. Porters five forces analysis also shows potential threats for AirAsia should notice in the future, with new entrants and existing competitors, AirAsia should change management strategy and appeal to more skilled staff.

Womens Rights :: essays research papers fc

When one reads Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Today, he may find it very difficult to imagine how daring it might have seemed at the time it was written. Nora’s actions were almost unheard of at the time the play was written, and were thus rather controversial. For Millennia, women were primarily child-bearers and homemakers, their domestic responsibilities generally prevented them from participating in hunts and waging war. Consequently, they were not allowed to share the rights and responsibilities given to hunters and warriors. Throughout history religion and mythology have regarded women as naturally weaker and therefore inferior to men (209). The ancient Greeks believed that Pandora’s curiosity was the root of all the evils in the world. The Bible tells how Eve led Adam into sin, and was placed under Adam’s authority by God. It was a typical belief that women should be controlled, not only for their own protection, but for that of everyone else. In most traditional societies, women were put at a distinct disadvantage to men. In ancient Rome, women had no rights whatsoever, they were the property of their father until they were married and then they became their husband’s possession. They had no rights to money, land, or even over their own children. Women were educated only in domestic skills, making it impossible for them to gain power, and almost a necessity to marry. Without the knowledge of how to live women had to rely on their husbands’ success or make a living through less morally acceptable means. The rights of women went largely unaltered until 1792 when a woman named Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman the first major modern feminist work. Sadly, however, her demands for equality and her revolutionary tone, made her work unacceptable at the time. "Men, in general, seem to employ their reason to justify prejudices.† (Wollstonecraft) A more noticeable advance in the equality of women’s rights was the industrial revolution. Lower classed women became wage earners in factories. Although their jobs were lower paying than their male counterparts, and controlled by men, financial independence was a major first step towards equal rights. In 1848 the first women’s rights convention was held. In 1919 Congress approved the 19th amendment, which, as quoted in Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, provided that â€Å"The right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Kung Fu Panda: Convergence and Interactivity

Convergence means coming together, merging or meeting. Advancement in technology has allowed bringing together different media to a single platform thus providing more functionality and services to the consumers (Convergence, 2004).Interactivity is the â€Å"degree to which users can make choices within an environment† (Web3D Part5: Glossary, 2006).   Interactivity has always existed to a degree in one form or another however with the Internet and advancement in media users have more choice and flexibility and they can also modify content to suit their own requirements.This paper presents a critical analysis of a website and assesses how convergence has allowed using old media in new ways and affected user interactivity.Traditionally movies have been advertised through billboards, pamphlets, posters, advertisements on radio, television and in newspapers and also short trailers at cinemas prior to the start of another movie. These advertising methods have been costly, as othe r than the production cost they also involve high broadcasting costs. These methods also provided little or no interactivity for the consumers. Popularity of the internet, and remarkably lesser production and broadcasting costs have resulted in internet advertising becoming necessary for economic survival in the competitive world of movie distribution. TNS Media Intelligence (Foote, 2007) forecasts increase in US advertisements, with Internet advertising continuing with double digit growth.Kungfupanda.com is an example of a website which has converged, brought together, images, text, audio and video from the traditional mediums of movie advertisement to a single platform, the Internet, providing consumers with enhanced levels of functionality, services and interactivity.On visiting the KungfuPanda website the user is presented with an introductory screen which states the release date of the movie in US and also has a link to the worldwide movie release dates. If the user is interest ed in viewing the webpage in another language, there is a choice of 8 different languages. The user can simply select the country’s flag and a new KungfuPanda window opens in that language. With traditional medium the movie distribution company would be required to produce advertising material separately for each of the 8 languages which would be costly. With the Internet it is relatively easy to translate a webpage in different languages.If the user is only interested in viewing the trailer for the movie they can click on the link, however, for a user who is interested in finding more about the movie he/she can click on the ‘Enter the Site’ link. In this way KungfuPanda website has provided interactivity and given its customers flexibility and control of how they view the website and how long, or in much detail they view the website.On clicking the ‘Enter the Site’ link the viewer is presented with an array of humorous and colourful animation. The s ite has very strong visual and auditory impact. The user can scroll back and forth along the linear window through the animated scenery and can choose a character or a building. Upon clicking on an object the user is sent to an additional page dedicated to the chosen character.It gives an account of the various strengths and weaknesses and hopes and aspirations of the character. It also gives the viewer the option to download emoticons, wallpapers, screensavers etc. This functionality of each character breaking apart into a separate page gives the advertiser far more scope to sell the character and to brand it.  Ã‚   To promote the movie and make it more appealing for the children the site also provides activity sheets and colouring pages.The site is not fully complete as on number of links it states ‘coming soon’. The site also assumes that the users have high speed internet connection. A website with such strong visuals and animation would take very long to load wit h a slow dialup connection which could prove to be very frustrating for the users. The users should have been given a choice to select the kind of internet connection they have and the site then presented accordingly.There are a number of negative social implications that can be associated with this website. The premise of the KungfuPanda website is purely economic gains; it is wrapped up in a colourful product aimed at children.   By having a good understanding of the child psychology, the advertisers have used â€Å"pester power†, â€Å"brand recognition† strategies to target the children. This endeavour of using child psychology for a successful marketing campaign has been deemed unethical by some (How Marketers Target Kids, n.d.).It should be noted that martial arts can be considered a violent sport. KungfuPanda site however depicts martial arts in a comedic light and encourages teachers, parents and martial arts instructors to bring children in groups. The site has an external link for group sales.By giving users free downloads they may be tricked into thinking that these are sincere gifts from the movie distributors/advertisers, but in fact they are being used by the advertiser to broaden their campaign. Being an award winning site, KungfuPanda has succeeded in further spreading its advertising tentacles by being listed on the creative website awards (CWA) and favorite website awards page (FWA). The technical and visual prowess of the site  helps more people to learn about the product it sells, in turn creating a reciprocal  type of advertising to the site that hosts the awards.Kungfupanda.com is a good example of how movie advertisement has converged from the traditional mediums and has had economic effects on distribution costs. All the previous methods of film advertising have converged into a slick portal with the added layer of interactivity and user choice. However, with convergence, increased flexibility and interactivity there are also many social implications that must be given careful consideration.ReferencesConvergence, (2004), [Internet], [email  protected] Available from: [Accessed 15th March 2008].Foote, A. (2007), News, [Internet], TNS Media Intelligence. Available from:< http://www.tns-mi.com/news/01082007.htm> [Accessed 15th March 2008].How Marketers Target Kids, (n.d.), [Internet], Media Awareness Network, Available from: < http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/marketing/marketers_target_kids.cfm>  Ã‚   [Accessed 15th March 2008].Web3D, Part 5: Glossary, (2006), [Internet], Reality Prime, Available from: < http://www.realityprime.com/articles/web-3d-part-5/>   [Accessed 15th March 2008].

13 Successful People Who Overcame Homelessness

13 Successful People Who Overcame Homelessness People so often make assumptions about what homelessness is and means and who falls victim to it. Similarly, they make opposite assumptions about success. Before you decide you know what either means in life, consider this list of rich and famous people who formerly struggled with homelessness. 1. J LoWhen Jennifer Lopez left her mother’s house when she was 18 to become a dancer and lived on her own, some nights sleeping on a cot in a dance studio until she caught her big break.2. Steve JobsYou might not realize that Steve Jobs was a college dropout. He was also homeless for a brief period, having relinquished his dorm room. Leaving college was ultimately the right call for him, but he did have to spend a while collecting soda bottles to be able to afford to buy food for himself.3. JewelJewel lived out of her car as a teenager, and only pulled herself out of that situation when she got her first record deal.4. Sylvester StalloneBefore Rocky, the film star found himself homeles s and had to sell his dog for $50. After he sold the script, he bought his best friend back for $3,000.5. Halle BerryWhen struggling to make it as an actress, Halle Berry spent time in a homeless shelter. She went on to win an Academy Award.6. Chris PrattChris Pratt reportedly spent time living out of a van in Hawaii until he launched his career with Cursed Part 3. 7. Jim CarreyMaybe his great sense of humor comes from the fact that he and his family lived in a VW bus they parked all throughout Canada when he dropped out of high school. They even spent a while living in a tent on his sister’s lawn with their van parked in her driveway.8. Dr. PhilMr. Self Help himself was once homeless, and living in a car with his father in Kansas City as his father completed an internship in psychology.9. Suze OrmanWould you believe the financial self help star was homeless for four months in 1973 and lived out of her car? She’s worth about $35 million now.10. Daniel CraigBond, James Bond used to have to sleep on park benches when he was a struggling actor in London. He’s now 46 and worth over $65 million.11. Ella FitzgeraldElla had some very hard times as a young woman. And indeed was homeless for a period of time just before she headlined at the Apollo theatre in Harlem and debuting her career in 1934.12. Hillary SwankWhen she moved to LA to start her acting career, she and her mother slept in their car.13. Kelly ClarksonThe American Idol star lost her first LA apartment to a fire and had to live out of her car or in shelters before her big audition.

How To Write Good Literature Review And Its Guidelines - Paperell.com

How To Write Good Literature Review And Its Guidelines How To Write Good Literature Review And Its Guidelines Facing issues with this task is not something odd as in the process of writing our own studies, we need to read a lot of studies written by other people. It is okay to use other people’s ideas as a basis for your work. We can use fragments from them, we may agree or disagree with the authors, but we always use research of other people to build our own essays or other papers. However, this does not mean copying someone’s paper. Besides, it is a good opportunity to learn to work with sources, show your skills in it, and prove your reliability as a student.What makes it a responsible task? The literature review can show that you have read necessary books and other works related to your research. It also helps to give more information on your research that you gave in the introduction of your project. This kind of paper also has its specific structure, which students can miss out, while expert writers from the dissertation writing service are aware of this structure and und erstand how to write good literature review guidelines in short terms. In this paper, you can provide a critique of literature you read. It also ensures your readers that you didn’t copy any fragments of other works illegally or did research that has already been done by other scientists. Otherwise, you may be accused of plagiarism. If you have made a decision to turn to professional writers to write your dissertation online, you need to know the topic and other key information on your literature review.General Guidelines For Writing A Literature ReviewBefore writing, you need to know the preferred number of pages and the correct formatting for your work. This is vital. Each teacher can have their specific requirements so before starting, you need to know what they want from you and what formatting you are going to use. You can read examples of other literature reviews to learn the structure, proper formatting, and referring to sources in such papers. What else to keep in min d? You can divide your literature review into the three big sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. In the introduction, focus on your topic and its meaning and provide more details to understand background and history of a research. The body paragraph is the most important one. In the body of your paper, you can show the current state of knowledge in this area, major trends, and recent findings. What’s next? In the conclusion, you can discuss two previous sections and show their meaning for your subject. You should not only provide the sources connected with your work but also show their role in your project and the specific area of science. All information has to be relevant. You can highlight key findings, critique the sources, show your opinion and understanding. If you are going to write a good paper, look for other guidelines for writing on the Internet and ask your instructor for more information about your requirements. This should help you cope with the task ea sier.Steps To Writing An Effective Literature ReviewFind a topic you can handle and then you will need to find the literature and other sources for it. You can use the computer database of your college or university. The Internet gives you a lot of possibilities to find many academic papers written in other universities.You can’t work with all found sources in your paper, especially if there are too many items. You should focus and select the most interesting and significant sources. Gather sources that have the biggest meaning for your projectIf you need to learn how to do a literature review, start from planning. Clarify how many sources you need! It is also important to find out what types of sources you can discuss in the paper and read samples of other papers similar to yours. This will help you a lot!Read the selected papers to see methodologies do they use, what are the most recent research findings that they provide, who are the most significant experts in the field, and what are current trends and discussed theories. Organize your sources so you can write a literature review.Create your thesis statement, and then develop your headings and subheadings. When you have a good plan for your paper, you can start writing the introduction, body, and the conclusion by describing and discussing your sources and their significance. When the work is done, don’t forget to read your paper several times and revise it if necessary, check for grammar errors, and other mistakes. This will help you make your text flawless.ConclusionThe last but not less significant aspect to keep in mind is that when writing a literature review, you can provide a critique and discussion of other works. It is a key task to select the specific sources because you can’t put all of them in your work. You may need to write a lot of essays to find out the key trends in your subject, the most notable authors, the most discussed theories, and the recent findings that have a big role for science and have to be discussed. What do you need to successfully finish this task? No matter what is your subject or theme, before writing, you need to know the correct literature review format, the number of pages and sources of your paper, and the purposes. It is important to follow all these guidelines. Thus, make sure that you understand your requirements before you start working on your paper because there are different types of literature reviews and they may have different requirements. Also, look for samples to make it even easier. You should work well on organizing your paper – you can use any method of data organization for this purpose, for example, you can organize the sources by the time of publication, trends and topics, and other parameters. When you have written all the pages, make sure that your literature review is easy to understand, provides only proven facts and reliable sources, doesn’t contain grammatical errors, and meets all for matting rules and other key requirements specified by the instructor or another person.

Contemporary management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary management - Essay Example The G4S indicated that the outsourcing would have saved the three forces about 100 million pounds over the span of 10 years. The G4S declared that some elements of the police support services can best be managed by the private sector. The three PCCs secured an agreement in an earlier meeting with the three commissioners ending negotiations with the G4S. Originally, the three PCCs planned to secure an agreement with G4S for a 10 year outsourcing plan. This plan was established in order to manage a significant funding gap which would have impacted on about 1100 staff (BBC News, 2013). Following the initial outsourcing contract with G4S during the Olympics, significant failures were observed on how the G4S handled the security situation. The G4S was not able to deliver the contracted 10,400 security guards for the Olympics and this represented their failure as a private contractor. There is still however a possibility for discussions with the G4S on how police support can be secured and improved by outsourcing police support services to the private sector (BBC News, 2013). Most of the PCCs however have reconsidered the outsource plan and did not believe in the prospects of outsourcing for them. Nevertheless, outsourcing does present with major possibilities in relation to savings for the three PCCs in terms of their policing budget (BBC News, 2013). Based on the above article, the prospect of outsourcing in the UK is discussed, especially in the light of work backlog and funding deficits. The decision to outsource jobs and work often falls on the manager who is burdened with the establishment of efficient services while still maintaining the profitability of the company (McIvor, 2005). In the case of the UK, outsourcing would refer to the outsourcing of work to private companies. The need to outsource mostly comes from the shortage of personnel or the shortage of funds. In the above case, the work outsourced included joint IT and human resources (McIvor, 2005). Th e backlog for this work has been significant, but on closer inspection, these can be effectively relieved through outsourcing. This is the point of outsourcing – finding the least expensive way of efficiently managing myriad tasks which the current staff cannot accomplish (McIvor, 2005). In the end however, after much consideration, the outsourcing plan was abandoned by the three PCCs, this after they realized that the outsourcing plan may not be for them. Despite their refusal to proceed with the outsourcing plan, the potential benefits of outsourcing are still undeniable. Outsourcing has become one of the most financially-viable options for many businesses and corporations (Pyndt and Pedersen, 2006). In the UK, their public services are considered to be a major socio-economic and political force because it affects most citizens and it employs millions of these citizens while also raking in billions of pounds in profit. In recent years, the UK has been successful in outsourc ing various public services, mostly from private corporations in the hope of efficiently managing waste disposal, children’s homes, adult social services, education, border control, and prisons (Williams, 2012). The outsourcing of public services has now gained momentum in the UK with more and more counties considering the outsourcing of the police and security services. Outsourcing is based on contractual arrangements between customers and supplier/s for the