Environmental Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Management - Essay Example More over, the water based sports that are part of tourism activities are affected by the presence of waste. Hotels may lose clients as they move to the unpolluted areas. The waste water could be of use to the hotels if it is treated and used for sanitary purposes, thereby lowering the water expenses. On the other hand, hotels can avoid breaking government regulations regarding discharge of waste in to the environment, which may lead to legal action being taken against them. High electrical energy consumption also leads to the depletion of water resources especially where hydro-electric power is used. Other electric generation plants also have an impact on the environment, which may lead to the migration of organisms such as birds due to the emission of toxic gases. Such phenomena adversely affect the hotel and tourism industry. Hotels would on the other hand be at an advantage if they conserved energy in their operations and hotel rooms. The most important is lowering their energy costs, which translates in to reduced operation costs, hence higher profitability (Gibson et al 2003). This can be accomplished through sensitizing the staff and the visitors regarding leaving the lights off when not in use, ensuring that refrigerators and other electrical appliances are not switched on unnecessarily. The wood fuel that is used for cooking leads to the destruction of forests, which serve as an essential carbon sink. The greenhouse gases emitted from burning fuel have been a major contributor to climate change. This has adversely affected the hotel industry as water bodies dry up and land being transformed in to a desert. Wild life is becoming depleted in many countries where tourism is a major economic activity, which has led to the closure of many hotel businesses. It is therefore necessary for hotels to engage in the control of green house gases emission, no matter how little they may be contributing to

Marketing Discussion Essay Example for Free

Marketing Discussion Essay From the scenario, propose two (2) methods that Golds Reling, Inc. could use in order to effectively measure customer satisfaction for the new product launch. Choose the most effective method, and suggest one (1) process that the organization could follow in order to implement your chosen method. Justify your response. Upload a short (one to two [1-2] minute) video using Kaltura to share your ideas. You may use an iPad, cellphone, laptop, desktop, or traditional video recorder to record your discussion response. You may embed your video or include the link in the discussion board. Note: Your video must be professional and of academic quality. Discounts and Loyalty Programs are perfect ways to keep customers satisfied and interested in new products. A discount depending on the size of the discount can grab the attention of new customers and continue to entice existing customers. Discounts are great because the customer and the business are getting attention. The customer is getting a new product for a fraction of its original cost and the business is getting word-of-mouth advertising from consumers who feel the product is great. Not only is the product great but it looks a lot better with a discount. Since many senior citizens are becoming tech savvy and purchasing computers more a discount specifically designed for seniors will benefit the senior community. Another group will benefit from the discount and the group is called students. Students and student parents spend millions of dollars annually on laptop computers and the accessories. Loyalty Programs work wonders because it engages customers to shop on the company’s website more often. Loyalty Programs also offer customers incentives such as upgrading hotel rooms upgrading flights free flights and discount tickets for places like amusement parks for children. Loyalty Programs work well for a business in the sense of forcing members to surf the company’s website more often. If you can get the customer on the website more often it is a great possibility consumers will spend more. Discounts are very easy to do and the discount can be offered in the form of a coupon with two versions clip (paper) and non clip (download the coupon to a smart phone). Customers will love the fact of scanning a phone or clipping a coupon from the weekly circular and receiving a great discount on a new computer. Imagine that you have been tasked with creating an app for Apple’s iTunes store. Determine two (2) research tools (surveys focus groups, concept testing, etc.) you will use to identify customers’ needs.

Research Design

Research Design This chapter described the methodology that has been used to conduct this research. It included the research approaches, research design, population and sampling, data collection techniques, research instrument, data analysis, validity and reliability test, pilot study, and the ethics related to this research. Research Approaches There are three types of approaches to conduct research; which are * Qualitative * Quantitative * Mixed In this research quantitative approach has been used because the researcher had determined the relationship between variables. Quantitative research approach is used when it is important to establish out the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Hopkins (2000) had defined quantitative research that precisely measure variables and that aim to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables to determine an association. Quantitative research design is an outstanding way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis. The structure has not changed for centuries, so is standard across many scientific fields and disciplines. Research Design There are three types of research design: * Descriptive * Correlational * Causal-comparative * Experimental correlational research design is used to relate two or more variables and correlation results show whether the relationship exists among variables or not. After analyzing the correlations results the regression describe the variability in dependent variable due to the explanatory variables. The over all reasoning for using correlation was to analyze the relationship and regression to analyze how well the prediction can be made. In this research multiple regression analysis has been used. The reason for using correlational design in this research was to analyze the relationship between products new features and brand choice and Correlation coefficients was used to provide the degree and direction of relationship between the product new features and brand choice. In this research regression analysis described that how much variability in brand choice was caused by new features. Population and sampling Statisticians define a population as the entire collection of items that is the focus of concern. Sampling is indispensable technique of behavioral research; the research work cannot be undertaken without use of sampling. (David S.Fox) suggested that â€Å"In the social sciences, it is not possible to collect data from fractional part of the respondents to our study but only from some fractional part of the respondents. The process of selecting the fractional part is called sampling†. In this research Karachi has been taken as the population and Business University students selected as sample. The sample size was 150. There are two types of sampling â€Å"Random† and â€Å"Non-Random Sampling† in this research â€Å"Simple Random Sampling† has been used. Simple random sampling is defined by Castillo, Joan Joseph (2009) â€Å"In this technique, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as subject. The entire process of sampling is done in a single step with each subject selected independently of the other members of the population.† In this research simple random sampling was used because it represents whole population and covered different demographics which were needed. Moreover, it is unbiased selection and important to draw conclusion from the results of study. Data collection For conducting any research it is very important to collect relevant data that suits the methodology and research design. Mark Saunders et. Al (2006) explained that in primary data collection different methods are used such as survey, observation, focus group. There are two types of data collection techniques â€Å"Primary and Secondary Data Collection†. In this research primary data has been used. Data that never gathered before is called primary data. The reason for selecting primary data source was that through primary data the needed information could be gathered that suited the purpose of research as it is not published. Research instrument Research instrument is a testing device for measuring a given phenomenon. In this research, questionnaires were used to gather information which are the most widely used survey data collection techniques. Through questionnaire each person (respondent) is asked to respond to the same set of questions, it provides efficient way of collecting responses from a large sample prior to quantitative analysis. This research involved survey with structured questionnaire to gather complete details. Although people generally use the term survey and questionnaire interchangeably, the term survey is used as a general category with questionnaire and interviews as specific methodologies to conduct survey research (Gay, 1992). The reason for using structured questionnaire was the questions asked were precisely decided in advance. Close-ended questions are particularly useful where the study topic concerns to factual issues with a limited range of responses.The overall reason for using structured questionnaire and close ended questions was that it supported the research technique that have been used in this research for the testing. Validity and Reliability Reliability is used to measure the consistency of the data which is used to analyze the instrument whether it provides the same results if it is used in the same way and same conditions with the same objects repeatedly. One thing that is very important to remember that reliability is not measured, it is estimated. Shuttleworth, Martyn (2008) suggested that before analyzing any data, however, and even before testing any subjects, the issues of variable selection and control, reliability, and validity must be addressed. The simplest definition of validity is that degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure Gay (1992). Validity is the accuracy of the results and the strength of the conclusions. Cook and Campbell (1979) define it as the â€Å"best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition or conclusion†. Each type of validity would highlight a different aspect of the relationship between treatment and observed outcome. There are four types of validity Conclusion, Internal, Construct and External validity. In this research internal validity was used as it analyzed the relationship between the program and the outcome and causal relationship. Validity is more important than reliability because if an instrument does not accurately measure there is no reason to use it even if it measures consistently. The objective of analyzing the reliability and the validity of the data is to check how much accurate relationship between the measure and underlying trait it is trying to measure. Pilot study Pilot study is the small scale rehearsal of the larger research design. This technique refers to a smaller scale version of the experiment and equipment tests are the important part of sub-group of experiments. Pilot studies can be based on quantitative and/or qualitative methods and large-scale studies might employ a number of pilot studies before the main survey is conducted. Thus researchers may start with qualitative data collection and analysis on a relatively unexplored topic, using the results to design a subsequent quantitative phase of the study (Tashakkori Teddlie 1998: 47). In this study the reasons for using pilot testing was to develop and test adequacy of research instruments. It was also used for assessing the feasibility of full scale study, designing research protocol, analyzing the sample frame and research technique and collecting preliminary data. In this study 30 out of 150 respondents were used for the purpose of pilot study. Ethical Consideration Ethics refers to the appropriateness of researcher behavior in relation to the right of subject of work which is affected by research. Wells (1994) defines â€Å"ethics in terms of a code of behavior appropriate to academics and the code of conduct of research â€Å". In this research by following rules of ethics, all details of participants were remained confidential and they were completely informed related to the nature of the study, they were given fair consideration and personal biasness didnt hamper the way of research, and the results were accurately represented as they were told and observed. Data Analysis

The Role for NATO in the Modern World Essay -- The North Atlantic Trea

The Possibility of a Role for NATO in International Relations When NATO was founded in 1949, it had a clearly defined role. It was an alliance for collective security against the USSR and the Warsaw Pact, whereby if one member state was attacked, the rest would come to her aid under article 5. Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, however, the role of NATO has become a great deal less clearly defined, since its members no longer really have any need for a defensive alliance. Indeed, operations such as those in Bosnia and Kosovo have suggested that for from being a defensive alliance, NATO may have some kind of future as an offensive alliance. There are also now doubts, however, over whether the futures of Europe and the United States are bound together as they were during the Cold War, and many European countries now pursue radically different, more pacifistic foreign policies to that of America. Many people now fell, therefore, that NATO is nothing more than an anachronistic hangover from the Cold War with no real future. Others would say, however, that organisations such as NATO and the UN are still crucial in the modern world to ensure that countries do not act unilaterally, but co-operate with allies. It is first perhaps worth considering in what way NATO's role in the modern world is changing. As has already been said, NATO may no longer really be viewed as a defensive organisation. This is not to say that it no longer has a credible role, however, and many would argue that it can be used as a useful tool in solving international problems. There are several examples of this suggestion in action. For in... ...is an alliance of such different interests will mean that it's future survival is highly dubious. As Nicholas Burns, the US Ambassador to NATO, said recently, 'the EU's push for greater military autonomy [poses] the most significant threat to NATO's future.' Thus there is still a role for NATO in the modern world, although this role has shifted from being defensive to being offensive, as above examples have shown. The question now must be, then, whether NATO can function effectively has an organisation in the coming years. Many would say that the polarising effect of America's aggressive foreign policy under George Bush and the recent expansion or the organisation Eastwards towards Russian borders will mean that NATO will cease to have a role in the future, since it is now a body which such conflicting interests.

Understand the Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Culture

Introduction The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. Areas of Learning 1 Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture Types of organisation and associated structures, organisational culture, Diagnosing behavioral problems, perception, significance and of individual difference, Individual behaviour at work 2 Understand different approaches to management and leadershipDevelopment of management thought, functions of management, managerial roles, nature of managerial authority, Frames of reference for leadership activities 3 Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations Motivation theories, motivation and performance, leadership, Leadership and successful change in organizations 4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations Teams and team building, team dynamics, Impact of technology on team functioning: 1|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 -BLANK PAGE- 2|PageBTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 UNIT INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisations and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. The structure of a large multinational company, with thousands of employees worldwide, will be very different from a small local business with 20 employees. The way in which an organisation structures and organises its workforce will impact on the development of its culture.A collection of shared values and beliefs will determine and shape the accepted patterns of behaviour of an organisations workforce. Depending upon various factors such as type of industry/sector of the economy, culture of the external community in which the organization operates, physica l environment, profile of the workforce, and size, the cultures of different organizations can vary significantly. The structure and culture of an organisation are key factors that contribute to motivating the workforce at all levels of the organisation.The Japanese were instrumental in developing a culture of ‘continuous improvement through teamwork’ in their manufacturing industry. This feature of a culture has now been exported around the world and plays a major role in the way in which structure and culture contribute to patterns of behaviour in the workplace. This unit, through studying the dynamic relationships between structure and culture, will help learners to appreciate how these two aspects of a business organization can impact the behavior and outcomes of its workforce.SCENARIO You are newly appointed store manager of one of the biggest TESCOS supermarkets in Ireland with members of staff from different cultural and racial background, which required an organ izational culture, teamwork, and participatory decision making style, in order to achieve your short-term and long-term goals. You were recommended to the CEO and Board of Directors to take the above position based on your achievements as a Mini TESCOS supermarket in London.As part of your responsibilities, you are also required to apply different management styles and motivational theories, in order to achieve positive results from the company’s activities. In order to achieve the above objectives, you have to complete the following four (4) tasks: 3|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 Task 1: Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture 1. 1 Compare and contrast three different organizational structures and cultures. 1. 2 Explain how the relationship between an organization’s tructure and culture can influence on the performance of the TESCOS’ activities at this Irish site. 1. 3 Identify and provide an overv iew of four factors that can influence individual behavior in the workplace at the Irish TESCOS. Task 2:Understand different approaches to management and leadership 2. 1: Compare and contrast three different leadership styles for three different business organizations. 2. 2: Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management for the Irish TESCOS scenario. 2. 3: Evaluate four different approaches to management used by different organizations.Task 3: Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations 3. 1 Discuss how different leadership styles may impact employee motivation in organizations in periods of change. In tackling this task, discuss to what extent specific leadership styles may positively or negatively could affect performance in specific change scenarios (e. g. adoption of new staff rota, etc. ). Please provide how this could help with a change at TESCOS in Ireland. 3. 2 Identify and discuss the application of three different motivational t heories within the workplace. 3. Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers at the TESCOS in Ireland. Task 4: Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations 4. 1 Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organizations. 4. 2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit, limit, or undermine the development of effective teamwork in organizations (physical, social, etc. ) 4. 3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within such an organization as TESCOS in Ireland. 4|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12Submissions Deadlines Tasks 1 (Assignment) 2 (Assignment) 3 & 4 (Assignment) Submissions Guidelines Deadline 4th Week of September 3rd week of October 4th week of November Hardcopy of the assignment should be submitted at the college reception on or before at 4. 00 pm on the date specified. There is no stipulated length for the work but it should not be less exceed 3000 words for all tasks. All w ork must be delivered in softcopy versions. The softcopy should be uploaded on to the security purposes, learners should keep both copies with them. All be properly referenced. han 2000 words or both hardcopy and student portal. For assignments should 5|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 Assessment Information Grading Criteria All Assignments will be assessed according to the following grading. Pass: To achieve each outcome a learner must demonstrate the ability to: LO1 Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture 1. 1 compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture 1. 2 explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business 1. discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work LO2 Understand different approaches to management and leadership 2. 1 compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organi sations 2. 2 explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management 2. 3 evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations LO3 Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations 3. 1 discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change 3. compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace 3. 3 evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers LO4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations 4. 1 explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations 4. 2 discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations 4. 3 evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organisation. 6|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 Merit and Distinction: The grade descriptors provide a framework for the reation of gra ding criteria to be written and set within the context of the assignment. The grade descriptors describe the expected qualities of the learner’s work at Merit and distinction levels. The merit and distinction levels have three descriptors. Merit Descriptors: M1- Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions. Answers reflect that effective judgments have been made about the specific content and the information. The answers show that an effective approach to study and research has been applied within the scenario e. g. comparing features, theories and models comparison etc.M2 – Select /Design and apply appropriate methods / techniques An accurate standard method has been used in defining information sources is well justified and summarized. M3 – Present and communicate appropriate findings A clear, accurate standard for presenting information has been used in terms of diagrams, charts, tables. Distinction Descriptors D1- Use Critical reflection to ev aluate own work and justify valid conclusions Proper evaluation and justification shown in all the answers and relevant conclusions have been arrived at thorough synthesis of ideas.D2- Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities Independence – Tasks have been attempted with minimal assistance provided by the lecturer D3- Demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking Ideas have been generated and proper evaluation and decisions taken based on facts gathered within the scenario 7|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 Assessment Marking Grid Task Assessment Criteria (A. C) 1. 1 Pass Merit Distinction ? ? –M1 -M2 D2 —-D1 D3 —D1 — One 1. 2 1. 3 2. 1 Two 2. 2 ? 2. 3 3. 1 Three 3. 2 3. ? -Four 4. 1 4. 2 ? 4. 3 ? -? -? M3 —- ? ? ? ? 8|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 Assignment Instructions Students are requested to comply with the following instructions on handing in their assign ment work †¢ †¢ Work should be comprehensively referenced Sources must be acknowledged fully by reference books, journals used and URL visited Include the Harvard Referencing System (guide is available on the college resources portal) All work should be word-processed, font size of 12 and font style of Times New Roman or Arial.Subtitles of the assignment should be in the font size of 14. Pages should be numbered in bottom right hand corner Spell check the document and read thoroughly for grammatical errors 1. 5-line spacing is preferable Bibliography at the end of the assignment All paragraphs should be aligned in justified mode. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 References Textbooks Buchanan, D. and Huczynski, A. (2004) Organizational Behaviour: An Introduction Text (5th Ed). Harlow: Prentice Hall. French, W. Bell, C. (1984) Organization development: behavioral science Interventions for o rganization improvement. (3rd ed. ) New Jersey: Prentice hall Kinicki, A. and Kreitner, R. (2006) Organizational Behavior: key concepts, skills, & best practices ( 2nd ed. ) McGraw Hill Mullins, L. (2007) Management and Organizational Behaviour. (8th ed. ) London: FT/Prentice Hall Robbins, S. & Judge, T. (2008) Essentials of Organizational Behavior (9th Ed. ) New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall Smith, M. et al (1982) Introducing organizational behavior.London: Macmillan Brooks I — Organisational Behaviour, Individuals, Groups and Organisation 2nd Edition(Prentice Hall, 2003) ISBN: 0877781265 Huczynski A and Buchanan D — Organisational Behaviour: An Introductory Text (Prentice Hall, 2000) ISBN: 0273651021 Maccoby M — Why Work: Motivating and Leading the New Generation (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1998) ISBN: 067147281X (Outlines the changing nature of the workplace and categorises people into five types, giving the characteristics and sources of motivation and de motivation of each. ) 10 | P a g e BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12

Love is womens whole existence

Love is womens whole existence This paper deals with the cultural myth that â€Å"Love is women’s whole existence.† Over the years, the society has been made to believe and accept that women live only for love. However, this is not the case; it is a cultural myth whose time to go has come. Love is crucial to women; nevertheless, love is not the only goal or purpose that women live for.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Love is women’s whole existence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from being lovers, women are responsible mothers, sisters, daughters, and workers as well. With changing times, women can now access decent education and jobs; which make them, lead independent lives without men. Nowadays women are living without that ‘love’ and this may explain the up surge in single mothers and single women. This myth of love being the woman’s whole existence usually accompanies the notion that a woman’s place is in the kitchen. Far from it, women are found in every profession be it military, healthcare, judiciary or even in presidency. Nothing can explain a freed woman from this cultural myth than Charlotte Bronte’s works: The Life and Loves of a She-Devil, The Mill on the Floss, and Jane Eyre. Female characters in these works struggle to shake off love and through this; they are in a position to pursue their dreams and gain the much-needed energy to overcome life challenges. For instance, in Jane Eyre, Jane portrays her autonomy and will power to overcome Rochester after realizing he has a wife. Drowned into the myth of ‘love is woman’s whole existence’, Rochester thinks Jane would become his lover and a missus. However, Jane is not set for these illusions; she walks away with only ten pounds, a piece of bread, and the clothes she was wearing. She leaves behind the jewelry and all luxuries that Rochester had brought into her life in name o f love (Cadena para. 5). This may be in literature, but it translates and links strongly to what is happening in the contemporary world. Women are no longer tied to this myth and they are rising to claim their autonomy. Single mothers are on the increase and this is a clear indication that this cultural myth is obsolete. If love was the only thing that women lived for, there could not be single mothers in the society today. The word ‘single mother’ here does not refer to single mothers because of spouse’s death; it refers to single motherhood by choice. Interestingly, the current demographics are shocking to those who think that love is the only thing that women live for.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, in 2006 alone, 80% of the 12.9 million families headed by single parents were women (Mackay 36). Moreover, in Australia, 31% of babies born since 2001 are from unmarried women (Rickard 29). In the United Kingdom, of the 5.9 million single parents, 64% were single mothers (Bergman 8). This does not leave out South Korea, a rather conservative society. 1.6 million Children were born by single mothers in 2007 (Sang-Hun 9). These statistics shows how misplaced the cultural myth that love is the only thing women live for is. In the wake of these revelations, it is evident that there are other components in a woman’s life, which are of more importance or at least equal importance to love. If love were the only thing women had to live for, then these births by single mothers would never be. These women would have stuck with their spouses in the pursuit of that ‘love’, which matters so much in their lives. Therefore, love is not the only thing that women live; there are other elements like career and autonomy to mention but a few, that matter most or equal love in a woman’s life. Bergm an, Mike. Single-Parent Households Showed Little Variation since 1994. U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Web. Annotations Cadena, Christine. â€Å"Challenging the Cultural Myth that Love is Womens Whole Existence.† 2006. Web. This is a well-written article on how women have moved with speed to disqualify the notion that they only live for love. The author quotes extensively British writers like Bronte, Eliot, and Welden. It brings into light how these novel writers used their writing skills to portray woman’s potential not governed by love alone. Mackay, Ross. The Impact of Family Structure and Family Change on Child Outcomes: A Personal Reading of the Research Literature Social Policy. Journal Of New Zealand 2008, 34(3); 36.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Love is women’s whole existence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ross Mackay in this journal explores family structures and how they have c hanged over the time. The article gives insights on how single motherhood is rising with time and how these mothers are independent and successful. Sang-Hun, Choe. Group Resists Korean Stigma for Unwed Mothers. The New York Times. 2007. Web. This article explains the stigma that unmarried women go through. In the hands of the conservative Korean society. The statistics given is a clear indication that, single motherhood is not acceptable in Korean society.

How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essays

How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essays How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essay How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essay Howard ( 2000 pg98 ) . Despite its accomplishments and popularity since the 1980 s, the NHS has come under increasing force per unit area and strain from the conservative authoritiess which have seen it as a load on the economic system. It has come under intensive unfavorable judgment for being professionally dominated, unresponsive to consumers and internally inefficient and uneffective in the usage of resources. And as a consequence in the 1990 s the NHS and community Act semen in to force and introduced alterations that have been seen as the most extremist since the 1946 Act that created the service. Though the NHS remained revenue enhancement funded at the point of bringing, this Act recommended the debut of an internal or quasi market and the debut of a split of the NHS budget between those who purchased the services for their population and those who provide the services. The bid and control theoretical account of the NHS with the Top-down directives was replaced by a system where the local buyers ne gotiated contracts with the suppliers besides accent was placed on debut of audit system and better monitoring of public presentation. Buyers ( the territories ) determined what services they wanted and who they should be bought. This means that the trading costs were a precedence for the buyers than the quality of the services. The purpose of the conservative authorities in presenting the markets was to drive up criterions and increase answerability ( Enthoven, 1985 ) . The conservative authorities came into power in May 1979 strongly influenced by the political doctrine of the New Right authorities policy in general strongly promoted concern and private endeavor and sought to deter persons and households from yielding to welfare dependence . Reliance on the market ( non the province ) , increased the competition and to a greater pick for individuals- consumer sovereignty- were the rules which underpinned a overplus of policies during the 1980s and 1990s. Individuality was lauded over Bolshevism Dorey ( 2005: p.104 ) . Thatcher applied policies of Milton Friedman s monetarism ( 1980 ) that aimed at commanding rising prices by cut downing authorities adoption and subsidise industries through denationalization. This involved merchandising authorities funded services to companies and persons who had money to put Jenkins, ( 1987 ) . The chief purpose was to raise money and pay off the authorities debts and to better efficiency of nationalised industrie s. The National Health Service was non privatised but was reorganised into parts, the medical which was dealt with by the authorities while the ancillary was privatised to competitory stamps from private companies ( inexpensive bidders win ) . It was assumed that competition would increase efficiency, cut down costs, create societal justness in order for everybody to acquire equal intervention and subject medical behavior. But all this did non work out as planned. For illustration infirmaries were non decently cleaned taking to an addition of infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus skin infection ( MRSA ) and Clostridium Difficile ( CDF ) . It can be argued that the Thatcher s politically influenced policy reforms were taking at denationalization through the creative activity of market which is contrary to the foundation rules of NHS which are free at the point of bringing. This statement leads one to oppugn whether Thatcher had prepared the NHS for these extremist reforms. But besides one admirations if the authorities had planned how the hapless would entree NHS services without being excluded on fiscal virtue. King ( 2005 ) asserts that there was no immediate inspection and repair of the NHS in order to render it compatible with and complementary to these new values as it encouraged greater usage of private wellness attention while from 1983, wellness governments were required to contract out domestic, catering and laundering service. In relation to poorness and inequality, it can be argued that this policy created unemployment for those who lost their occupations during the denationalization and besides those who could non afford to pay for private wellness attention ; they were excluded from accessing the services. However, Haus argues that Margaret Thatcher saved the British economic system by conveying both the rising prices and unemployment under control and by making a more dynamic private sector they called a 3rd manner that combines the best facets of the socialist committedness to equality and market economic system. But to her oppositions, Haus says that they viewed her policies as new jobs and exacerbated bing 1s by widening the spread between rich and the hapless and by leting public services to deteriorate ( Haus 2009 ) . Much as the denationalization policy appears controversial from Haus position, the component of commanding rising prices and salvaging the British economic system from the 1980 s depreciation implies that there were economic drivers that influenced Margaret Thatcher to reform the policies. This statement is supported by Alcock. He states that societal policy development is besides closely dependent upon the economic construction of the society and upon the economic growing within it ( Alcock s 2008: p.198 ) . One of the new Labour s chief aims when elected in 1997 was to do important betterment in the NHS and in line with that the NHS was to be rebuilt. The authorities put frontward its programs in a White paper. ( The new NHS Morden reliable Department of Health 1997 ) . Following the publication of the white paper on the NHS in 1997 and a assorted other audience papers, broad runing wellness reforms were discussed which led to the Heath Act 1999. This Act brought cardinal alterations in the NHS. The internal markets which were introduced by the Thatcher authorities in the 1990 s were replaced by a new policy which encouraged co-operation and partnership between wellness services and between the NHS societal services and other attention suppliers. In 2001 primary attention groups were established in every country of England with the purpose of running the wellness services. The primary attention groups were formed by local groups of physicians and nurses, theses administrations were to supervise the bringing of primary wellness attention to the local community through household physicians. They besides directed resources available to the NHS trust and other wellness service administration ( Blackmoore, 2003 ) . The wellness Act 1999 together with the wellness Act 2001 led to the debut of the Primary Care Trusts which were meant to run wellness and societal service jointly. Harmonizing to Downey ( 2001 p 34 ) the wellness and societal Act of 2001 led to a extremist shingle up of the societal service neer seen in three decennaries . The Labour authorities under Tony Blair made important alterations to the physicians contracts due to economic factors, chiefly restrictions of the capitation system in GP support. Alternatively it introduced what was termed as modern contracts for GPs and infirmary physicians. The contracts were to be quality based and physicians were paid on status upon making certain public presentation marks. GPs were required to run into specified betterments in preventive attention every bit good as quality of their services to patients. The General Practitioners ( GPs ) were budgeted and were expected to work within those budgets to run into the demands of their patients . They were rewarded if they managed to work within their budgets and given extra money for running wellness promotional clinics. They were to shop around for the cheapest supplier for their patients. However as they were loath to accept patients who would run out on their budgets therefore attention for the people who needed it most in most instances suffer. Shaun et Al ( 2001 ) . Inspection of the wellness service was introduced together with the cardinal ordinance. This meant that the wellness attention criterions and wellness service bringing were to be monitored by an administration known as the national institute for clinical excellence. This organic structure was to make up ones mind which drugs and new interventions are to be available to patients free on the NHS. In line with the above, another regulative organic structure was set up. It was known as the Commission for Health Improvement ( CHI ) . This organic structure was to inspect the criterions of infirmary and primary attention. In fact this organic structure was meant to move as Ofsted in supplying league tabular arraies of schools and colleges but for CHI it created hospital public presentation conference tabular arraies by printing patients endurance rates after assorted infirmaries and operations. In contrast nevertheless, the publication of conference tabular arraies with ranking of public presentation, make negative impact to the primary attention trusts and infirmary located at the underside of the tabular array that they provide worst services. It besides creates negative impact on the public trust and professional lesson because staff may be demoralised in making its maximal potency for better services if their infirmary is considered to be under executing. Again the usage of conference tabular arraies do non truly reflect the quality of infirmary intervention, because they include a little figure of cardinal clinical countries and uncertainty go into item about the procedure of attention. What they truly show is the effectivity of trust s direction squad instead than criterion of clinical attention. More so, even if patients are cognizant of their local infirmary public presentation, they have no pick approximately where to acquire better intervention because infirmary r eferrals are decided by GPs. In 1997, the labour authorities under Blair recommended a public assistance reappraisal. However, there was no effort to change by reversal the alterations made by Thatcher and accepted that there can be no return to the Aureate Age . The chief public assistance proviso that Labour introduced is called WELFARE TO WORK, A NEW DEAL. It was aimed at assisting groups particularly immature, solitary parents and long-run unemployed who rely on benefits, to happen work and support themselves. Labour s attack was to happen a 3rd manner between the Aureate Age public assistance province and the conservative alterations. The authorities introduced a minimal pay to busywork more attractive than claiming benefits. The Blair authorities did a batch to better the NHS and in 2002 Blair staked the hereafter of his authorities to better the NHS. The distribution of wealth in Britain saw a figure of statements, which were about equality, and the impact of public assistance province on assorted sectors in society. Capitalist do non fund public assistance systems as the workers pay for it through direct revenue enhancement ; they pay for their ain wellness. Poor people carry far more of the revenue enhancement load in existent footings than the wealthy because the cost of the indirect revenue enhancement such as VAT on points such as beer and coffin nails take a big part of their income ( Shaun et al, 2000 ) the affluent benefits more the public assistance province than do the hapless such as revenue enhancement alleviation on mortgages. Socialist. The socialists argue that the public assistance of persons is the duty of the province. They argue for redistribution of income through revenue enhancement so that the rich can fund the public assistance of the hapless. They wish to alter the construction of the society to profit the hapless and bridge the spread between rich and hapless. The socialists argue in favor of cosmopolitan entree to public assistance and are opposed to aiming benefit. Liberals. They argue that public assistance is needed to back up capitalist economy and to back up the hapless. Writers such as Anthony Giddens, suggest that the province can non go forth some of the jobs to market forces to work out because these jobs are excessively large or excessively complicated.The progressives sort out jobs as they arise without either looking for them or leting any stiffly held positions act uponing common sense positions of the events. In decision public assistance province developed due to a figure of factors lending poorness, illness, high degrees of unemployment after the Second World War. The recommendations of the Beveridge study about the five evil giants influenced the authorities to present the public assistance province and to the subsequent alterations to the NHS.

Free Essays on So Far From The Bamboo Grove

So Far from the Bamboo Grove So far from the bamboo grove, by Yoko Kawashima Watkins is about two sisters, a brother, and a mother in search of a safe place to live. The first sister, Ko, is a selfish, bratty girl who does not appreciate the good things in life until after they are gone. The other sister, Yoko, is a very strict teenager who is very bossy. Their brother is a man who is trying to earn respect by joining the army, and their mother is a woman who is very respectful and traditional. This story takes place in 1945 in Korea where the country is at war. This family is torn apart by the war and needs to find a safe place to live. The title of this story is significant because the bamboo grove is where this family lived and now they know they must move so far away from it leaving behind all their memories. They move across their land. They even said that they took a boat ride to another place. They moved away to leave the army that was killing people. This is a reason why the title is significant. Another way the title is significant is because they are traveling to different places away from the bamboo grove. They even said that they slept at a train station. They must have been very uncomfortable. They had to sleep on the ground sometimes. That is one of the many reasons the title is significant. The final reason that the title is significant is that they explain how they take a train ride. They slept on the floor with a whole bunch of other people. They said that they were on a train and that they had to watch a pregnant woman give birth to a baby. I know this because the story said that the communist army was looking for them on the train. This is why that the title is significant. Yoko has changed in her journeys through Nanan, Korea to Kyoto, Japan. She has gotten more thankful for the things she has. She appreciates the food that she has, even if she does not like it. She has learned many lessons through her journey... Free Essays on So Far From The Bamboo Grove Free Essays on So Far From The Bamboo Grove So Far from the Bamboo Grove So far from the bamboo grove, by Yoko Kawashima Watkins is about two sisters, a brother, and a mother in search of a safe place to live. The first sister, Ko, is a selfish, bratty girl who does not appreciate the good things in life until after they are gone. The other sister, Yoko, is a very strict teenager who is very bossy. Their brother is a man who is trying to earn respect by joining the army, and their mother is a woman who is very respectful and traditional. This story takes place in 1945 in Korea where the country is at war. This family is torn apart by the war and needs to find a safe place to live. The title of this story is significant because the bamboo grove is where this family lived and now they know they must move so far away from it leaving behind all their memories. They move across their land. They even said that they took a boat ride to another place. They moved away to leave the army that was killing people. This is a reason why the title is significant. Another way the title is significant is because they are traveling to different places away from the bamboo grove. They even said that they slept at a train station. They must have been very uncomfortable. They had to sleep on the ground sometimes. That is one of the many reasons the title is significant. The final reason that the title is significant is that they explain how they take a train ride. They slept on the floor with a whole bunch of other people. They said that they were on a train and that they had to watch a pregnant woman give birth to a baby. I know this because the story said that the communist army was looking for them on the train. This is why that the title is significant. Yoko has changed in her journeys through Nanan, Korea to Kyoto, Japan. She has gotten more thankful for the things she has. She appreciates the food that she has, even if she does not like it. She has learned many lessons through her journey...

The Church, Synagogue, Mosque or Temple Next Door Essay

The Church, Synagogue, Mosque or Temple Next Door - Essay Example The Gothic style has strong vertical features and sharply pointed arches (Passikoff 85). The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception follows a neo-Byzantine style because of its dome that is the main exterior feature (Figure 1), and because of large open spaces (Figure 2) and lavish mosaics inside (Figure 3). The Mount St. Sepulchre Franciscan Monastery has a neo-Romanesque style because of its round arches (Figure 4) and pointed roofs (Figure 4), as well as barrel vaults (Figure 5). The Washington National Cathedral has Gothic style with its vertical emphasis (Figure 6) and interior columns and narrow windows (Figure 7). One of the oldest and nearest house of worship where I live is the Mount St. Sepulchre Franciscan Monastery. Architect Aristide Leonori designed this church. The building started in 1898 and finished in 1899. The Mount St. Sepulchre Franciscan Monastery has both Byzantine and Romanesque influences. It has a neo-Romanesque style because of its round arches and pointed roofs (Figure 1), as well as barrel vaults (Figure 2). There are also round arches outside and as part of the entrance of the church. These round arches are also designed with Christian word and sculptures (Figure 1). It also has several pointed roofs and heavy stonework (Figure 1). The outside facade of the church looks simple and dominated with horizontal lines. Aside from the Romanesque style, the church also has Byzantine influences because of its colorful mosaics and lavish decorations, aside from having large interior open spaces (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows colorful mosaic lavish decorations of the Portico. The arches and ceilings also have numerous colorful designs (Figure 2). Even the altar has a form of tall and ornamental structure around it which shows mixtures of Byzantine and Romanesque influences through having a

Case Study - New Supervisor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study - New Supervisor - Essay Example The most pressing issue for George is lack of planned strategy and organized way of working. The work lacks proper documentation of work and records of workers, including their work schedules, attendance and performance details. Hence to monitor the work performance and productivity, George needs to streamline the process and develop strategic plans to organize work schedules. These should be communicated across the employees. He should also define duties and emphasize on disciplined work culture where achieving targets is highlighted. He should also delegate duties so that junior managerial and administrative staff become well versed in the office processes. Most importantly, George must create a pool of talent based on skill and aligned work. This would enable the workforce to organize the schedules for optimal performance. There also needs to be constant communication across management and workforce so conflicts can be resolved early and amicably. From the remaining issues, the top priority of George would be to resolve the issue of Francine who had filed a grievance with the personal department against the assistant supervisor. As there was no organized way of working and office lacked proper records of employees work details, the case of Francine needs to be resolved early as she could easily have EEOC claim. George has huge burden of streamlining the work process and create facilitating work environment. Strong work culture ensures long term sustainable competitive advantage (Armstrong & Baron, 2005). Therefore strong teamwork needs to be promoted. Performance based incentives would be motivating factors for the workforce (Armstrong & Murlis, 2007). George also needs to develop well organized record keeping and documentation of office records. This would help to evaluate performance regularly and motivate workers for incentives and bonus. Moreover, creating talent pool would facilitate better

Impact of Urban Environmental Aspects on Human Beings Essay

Impact of Urban Environmental Aspects on Human Beings - Essay Example Problems associated with urban areas negatively affect the way of living and prohibit the desire for a further extension. Individuals and the government need to have a concern regarding the best way of ensuring that there are less or no threats to the people living within urban environments. Arguably, overlooking certain ways of improving urban environment is of the essence, as it leads to utilization of resources. In essence, people should work through to ensure that all areas develop despite the changes in their economic status. An urban area is a region undergoing a transition of several development changes in its environment. The number of individuals within the developing region is high per square kilometer. An urban area is a densely populated region with people living there struggling to obtain the available resources. There are many industries producing commodities and whose waste is a threat to the environment. Pollution affects the status of living. On the other hand, the conservation of the environment helps the healthy well-being of individuals. The aspects of urban environment affect the health of individuals. Pollution affects a good stay of individuals in urban areas and is more due to an increase in the number of processing industries dealing. There is the use of chemicals for a complete processing of products. Poor drainage systems of organizations affect the environment of urban areas. Most of the organizations direct waste into waterways and fail to consider the impact on waters used by living beings. (Bueren 279). Consumption of water mixed with chemical substances affects the good health of particular persons and may result in death if not treated. It is expensive to treat waterborne diseases. b) Diseases Most of the people living in developing towns have poor health. The number of infected individuals in developing cities is high due to adverse changes in the ecosystem (Bueren 49). The spread of infectious diseases is also higher because of the concentration of people in one area and failure to access expensive Medicare. Failure to get proper medication weakens the body and may re sult in death. To help reduce deaths, the government should provide cost effective public health care centers in urbanized regions. c) Climate Climatic changes affect the standards of living and are the determinants of activities in most of the processing industries. The changes in climate result from influence in global warming (Bueren 11). Several industries deal with processing of natural products to improve the original quality. Therefore, a change in the prevailing climate may be due to an effect on the ozone layer, which results to acidic rainfall and affects the growth of various products. Lack of favorable rains leads to loss of raw materials. On the other hand, due to lack of available processing products, there is a reduced labor force on certain firms making people lose their only source of earning a living in urban areas. It is crucial for those managing processing firms to attach particular individuals to other departments. Therefore, it is important to ensure that indi viduals may perform activities in other departments to ensure that they meet personal demands. d) Traffic accidents The number of individuals using vehicles is on a gradual increase leading to excess emission of carbon dioxide gas. An area developing into an urban area has many people driving their own vehicles. Careless drivers

Apply knowledge gained pertaining healthcare services in the US, users Coursework

Apply knowledge gained pertaining healthcare services in the US, users of health information, information systems, and their use - Coursework Example While the duration of the patient stay continues to shorten therapies that were traditionally completed in the acute care setting are performed at home (Advanced care Inc, 2012). Finishing a course of intravenous antibiotic therapy used to be a rational for hospitalizing patients and this is not the case anymore. As long as the patient is steady, a peripherally inserted central venous catheter is placed and the patient is sent home with the catheter. Arrangements for the client are also made for them to get and complete a therapy at home. As both a licensed and a joint accredited infusion pharmacy, Advanced Care Inc makes the patient comfortable and safe at home. Advanced care Inc understands its requirement for exceptional healthcare. It pays great detail and excellent care as the home infusion specialists. This is a company owned by nurses and this makes its concentrate on the patient’s wellbeing. The company also commits itself to advanced patient care by offering both nurs ing and pharmacy services. The company’s main objective is to put the needs of the patients first and not profits. With the company’s experienced pharmacy staff and nursing staff, it continues to develop to meet the needs of insurance companies, physicians, hospital discharge personnel and individual patients. Infusion therapy involves the administration of medication through a needle or catheter. It is prescribed when a patient’s condition is so severe that it cannot be treated effectively by oral medications. Typically, â€Å"infusion therapy† means that a drug is administered intravenously, but the term also may refer to situations where drugs are provided through other non-oral routes, such as intramuscular injections and epidural routes (into the membranes surrounding the spinal cord). Diseases commonly requiring infusion therapy include infections that are unresponsive to oral antibiotics, cancer and cancer-related pain, dehydration, gastrointestina l diseases or disorders which prevent normal functioning of the gastrointestinal system, and more (Advanced care Inc, 2012). Other conditions treated with specialty infusion therapies may include cancers, congestive heart failure, Crohn’s Disease, hemophilia, immune deficiencies, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and more. Home Infusion Therapy Until the 1980s, patients who used to get infusion therapy had stay in the setting of inpatient for the period when they got the therapy. Amplified importance on cost-containment in healthcare plus expansion in the administration of clinical therapy, led to approaches of administering infusion therapy in alternate settings. For individuals who need long-term therapy, in patient care is not just extremely costly, but also averts the individual from recommencing normal work activities and lifestyles. Home infusion has been confirmed to be efficient and safe to inpatient care for a number of therapies and diseases. For most patien ts, getting treated at home or outpatient infusion group setting is appropriate for the care of inpatient. A number of providers of therapies of home infusion work on more than one ambulatory infusion suites that are preferably meant for some situations of patient therapy. A provider of infusion therapy is usually a closed door pharmacy that provides infusion therapies at the comfort of the home. Demographic Information Patients of all ages and races visit the hospital on a regular basis. These patients include patients aged between 13 years up to 30 years. Patients aged 30

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy Essay

Building a supportive program for new teachers in Italy - Essay Example First group contains novice teachers in order to gain their perspective about the program, their demands and concerns. The other group would consist of mentor teachers in order to gain their perspective, developing a strategy to provide help and the best way to support beginning teachers. Also, Questionnaires will be used besides observation and note taking. Using questioners might help to supporting the findings of the case study. In Italy large number of new teachers is hired each year. Each of these new teachers is expected to assume the same responsibilities as veteran teachers on the first day of employment. With limited experience and limited support, they are expected to provide a quality educational experience for the students in their classrooms. Most schools in Italy are traditional in structure, hence each of the new teachers taught in a self-contained classroom. Novice teacher, newly experiencing the problems of teaching, are alone with their students for the majority of the day, trying to identify and satisfy the needs of several students with unique needs. This isolation limited the support and assistance that novices could gain from their more experienced colleagues and could have added to feeling of stress and anxiety. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own.Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed? ... Educational regulations in Italy required non-tenured teachers to be observed in certain time period. Unfortunately, few received any supportive instructions in the classrooms. The principal, the sole administrator of the institution, had not much time available to observe the development of their newly appointed staff. Also, some administrators feel that their presence is threatening and stress provoking so they opt to allow the novice to develop on his/her own. Nowadays people are concerned with the quality of education more than ever. Why then had the supportive program for novice teachers and their concerns not been addressed Kilgore and Kozisek (1998) and Huling-Austin (1998) felt that educators did not view teachers' supportive program as a pressing need and are not familiar with the body of knowledge related to this area. Limited support, isolation and anxiety are realities of induction year (Fuller, 1969, 207-226). As educators, we knew that the emotional well being of a child was an important factor in their ability to learn. Did it not seem reasonable to ensure that same senses of well being to our novice teachers so that they would learn and grow into responsive and effective teachers The aim of the current paper is to outline the study of building a supportive program for novice teachers in Italy, in order to solve the problems faced by novice teachers. Problems Encountered Novice teachers, being new to the problem of teaching become isolated from the institutional environment because of the system prevailed in Italian schools. This surely limits their ability to prosper from the experience of their veteran colleagues and thereby taking lot of stress. This and lack of any supportive program throughout their earlier

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan Essay

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan - Essay Example Peter Pan; or the Boy who Wouldn’t Grow Up, when first staged in 1904, was received with almost unanimous enthusiasm. The critics though appreciative were ‘a little cautious and puzzled’ (Watson, 2009, p. 143); and not surprisingly so. Peter Pan was no ordinary children’s tale. With its queer mixture of childlike fantasy and very adult dark humour, even the first, spectacular viewing of the play must have hinted at the layers of subliminal messages it contained. Peter Pan evidently deserved further penetration. The Peter Pan myth, as indeed it grew to become, has been interpreted with various perspectives. The Spectacle used in the play, the psychological character of Peter and Wendy’s relationship, the biographical link to Barrie’s own experiences with the Llewellyn Davies boys – have all been scrutinised and commented upon. But the most prominent observation the play seems to make, and Barrie through it, is on the divide separating ch ildren and grown-ups. What does Peter Pan say about childhood and adulthood? Or to divide it further, on girlhood and boyhood? Does this commentary hold ground a hundred years after its inception? In what ways have its interpretations changed? Children are known (and often rebuked) for asking too many questions: what better way to begin such an exploration than to try and answer these? Barrie’s treatment of adult males in his play might be a good place to begin. Neither of the two significant men characters, Mr. Darling and Captain Hook, is portrayed charitably. Mr. Darling has the trappings of a characteristic patriarchal head, but that is all. He holds no real authority, either at the workplace ‘where he sits on a stool all day, as fixed as a postage stamp’ (Barrie, 2008 [1904], Act I) or at home; as is evident in the scene about the medicine between him and Michael in Act I. Without being too simplistic, one can sum up Mr. Darling as a fussy man, too anxious about social propriety and not

Apply knowledge gained pertaining healthcare services in the US, users Coursework

Apply knowledge gained pertaining healthcare services in the US, users of health information, information systems, and their use - Coursework Example While the duration of the patient stay continues to shorten therapies that were traditionally completed in the acute care setting are performed at home (Advanced care Inc, 2012). Finishing a course of intravenous antibiotic therapy used to be a rational for hospitalizing patients and this is not the case anymore. As long as the patient is steady, a peripherally inserted central venous catheter is placed and the patient is sent home with the catheter. Arrangements for the client are also made for them to get and complete a therapy at home. As both a licensed and a joint accredited infusion pharmacy, Advanced Care Inc makes the patient comfortable and safe at home. Advanced care Inc understands its requirement for exceptional healthcare. It pays great detail and excellent care as the home infusion specialists. This is a company owned by nurses and this makes its concentrate on the patient’s wellbeing. The company also commits itself to advanced patient care by offering both nurs ing and pharmacy services. The company’s main objective is to put the needs of the patients first and not profits. With the company’s experienced pharmacy staff and nursing staff, it continues to develop to meet the needs of insurance companies, physicians, hospital discharge personnel and individual patients. Infusion therapy involves the administration of medication through a needle or catheter. It is prescribed when a patient’s condition is so severe that it cannot be treated effectively by oral medications. Typically, â€Å"infusion therapy† means that a drug is administered intravenously, but the term also may refer to situations where drugs are provided through other non-oral routes, such as intramuscular injections and epidural routes (into the membranes surrounding the spinal cord). Diseases commonly requiring infusion therapy include infections that are unresponsive to oral antibiotics, cancer and cancer-related pain, dehydration, gastrointestina l diseases or disorders which prevent normal functioning of the gastrointestinal system, and more (Advanced care Inc, 2012). Other conditions treated with specialty infusion therapies may include cancers, congestive heart failure, Crohn’s Disease, hemophilia, immune deficiencies, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and more. Home Infusion Therapy Until the 1980s, patients who used to get infusion therapy had stay in the setting of inpatient for the period when they got the therapy. Amplified importance on cost-containment in healthcare plus expansion in the administration of clinical therapy, led to approaches of administering infusion therapy in alternate settings. For individuals who need long-term therapy, in patient care is not just extremely costly, but also averts the individual from recommencing normal work activities and lifestyles. Home infusion has been confirmed to be efficient and safe to inpatient care for a number of therapies and diseases. For most patien ts, getting treated at home or outpatient infusion group setting is appropriate for the care of inpatient. A number of providers of therapies of home infusion work on more than one ambulatory infusion suites that are preferably meant for some situations of patient therapy. A provider of infusion therapy is usually a closed door pharmacy that provides infusion therapies at the comfort of the home. Demographic Information Patients of all ages and races visit the hospital on a regular basis. These patients include patients aged between 13 years up to 30 years. Patients aged 30

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan Essay

Choose either 100 best poems for Children or Peter Pan - Essay Example Peter Pan; or the Boy who Wouldn’t Grow Up, when first staged in 1904, was received with almost unanimous enthusiasm. The critics though appreciative were ‘a little cautious and puzzled’ (Watson, 2009, p. 143); and not surprisingly so. Peter Pan was no ordinary children’s tale. With its queer mixture of childlike fantasy and very adult dark humour, even the first, spectacular viewing of the play must have hinted at the layers of subliminal messages it contained. Peter Pan evidently deserved further penetration. The Peter Pan myth, as indeed it grew to become, has been interpreted with various perspectives. The Spectacle used in the play, the psychological character of Peter and Wendy’s relationship, the biographical link to Barrie’s own experiences with the Llewellyn Davies boys – have all been scrutinised and commented upon. But the most prominent observation the play seems to make, and Barrie through it, is on the divide separating ch ildren and grown-ups. What does Peter Pan say about childhood and adulthood? Or to divide it further, on girlhood and boyhood? Does this commentary hold ground a hundred years after its inception? In what ways have its interpretations changed? Children are known (and often rebuked) for asking too many questions: what better way to begin such an exploration than to try and answer these? Barrie’s treatment of adult males in his play might be a good place to begin. Neither of the two significant men characters, Mr. Darling and Captain Hook, is portrayed charitably. Mr. Darling has the trappings of a characteristic patriarchal head, but that is all. He holds no real authority, either at the workplace ‘where he sits on a stool all day, as fixed as a postage stamp’ (Barrie, 2008 [1904], Act I) or at home; as is evident in the scene about the medicine between him and Michael in Act I. Without being too simplistic, one can sum up Mr. Darling as a fussy man, too anxious about social propriety and not

Motherhood and domesticity Essay Example for Free

Motherhood and domesticity Essay Zora Hurston and Susan Glaspell, the short story of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Trifles respectively, talked about women’s power. The character of Delia Jones and Winnie Wright reveal how the stories significantly portrayed the negative and positive nature of women. Moreover, their character portrays how women were treated during the Old South, whose gender and social roles were restricted to motherhood and domesticity. The play â€Å"Trifle† takes place in a single setting: the home of a murdered man and his wife. The dialogue begins with men and women approaching the crime scene to investigate a murder case and find evidences to determine the murderer. As the only one at home, Mrs. Wright is initially accused as the suspect, but they need to undergo standard legal procedures. Besides, they find no apparent reason to suspect Mrs. Wright. The conflict starts when the men and the women, including Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, perceive the crime in different perspectives. The men in the play approached the Wright house as a crime scene while the women who accompanied them during the investigation approached the house as a home. The women took notice of even the little details in the home that the men ignored and refused to acknowledge as possible evidence. The men thought that such things would not give them any clues to solve the case. They forgot that their primary suspect was a woman. They ignored Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters and paid attention to things that seemed meaningless. They overlooked the small and domestic things that may be related to a woman and a wife that may significantly give them idea and evidence against Mrs. Wright. This prolongs the solving of the case a little longer. On the other hand, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale intricately and naturally observed the things at home. Their intuition, sensitivity, curiosity were significant in the story. The men attempted to solve the crime through logic and standard legal procedures, but the women who went there were able to read between the lines. They saw the clues embedded in domestic items that were specific to women. Although Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters did not know Mrs. Wright on a personal level, they could relate to her. They can put themselves in Mrs.Wright’s shoes and understand the background of the case which helped them solve the mystery of the case. Initially, the women made an agreement to conceal their discovery first because they sympathized with Mrs. Wright. They knew that if the men learned about it, they will no doubt take Mrs. Wright to prison because that is how the law works in the story. In contrast, the women in this case were overcome by their emotion. Their sensitivity and curiosity made them solve the case. Thus, Glaspell depicted women in her play in a positive light. The setting of the two plays described by the authors was symbolically used to portray the emotions and psychological factors of the character. In the play â€Å"Before Breakfast,† the setting reflects the impoverished life of the couple which Mrs. Rowland was so bitter about. The â€Å"slender finger† described in the play showcases the sophistication of Alfred’s past life as a millionaire’s son (O’Neil). His sophistication greatly affected his sensitivity. He got affected easily by his wife’s words that cost his life.

Computer Technology In The Movie Industry Film Studies Essay

Computer Technology In The Movie Industry Film Studies Essay Filmmaking is a process of producing a film based on a storyline. Although many people say, a movie is good if it has a successful plot, however, a movie needs also good production in order to be classified as a good movie. The history of filmmaking can be traced back to as early as the 17th century, where magic lanterns were used. Back then, films were all made in shades of black and white only. Also, many of the times, special effects are done manually by workers. For example, an explosion, many workers will be needed to install those explosives and to clear up the scene. As time progressed, technology improved the quality of films largely, thus producing colored films. However, such improvements do not halt there. Movie makers and producers worked endlessly to create films that leave people in awe. Therefore, the creations of computer-generated imagery, animation and 3D have been invented and improved. Such creations have moved the movie industry one step forward. Using the same explosion example, compared to last time, with advance computer technologies, such a scene will not require a whole lot of work from the workers. Instead, it can be easily done in the editing room, where editors can easily ad d special effects into the movie, making it look realistic, but without much hard work. The main objective of this paper is to educate people about the movie making industry. Many people may be awed when they see sophisticated scenes in movies. However, they only know that those scenes are mostly done with the help of computers. But in reality, there are so many computer technology that the people do not know about. In the discussion in this paper, research will explain the computer technologies used in the movie industry. Computer-generated imagery, animation and 3D will be explained as brief introduction to technologies in the development of movie making. Also, the making of the movie sensation, Avatar will also be revealed. As videos are getting more attention amongst people nowadays, many people now search ways to create their own videos. Therefore, to make this paper more users friendly, an introduction of animation software, Pencil and moviemaking software, Windows Movie Maker will also be done. COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGERY (CGI) Computer-generated imagery means computer graphics being applied into movie industry to create special effects. Compared to other physical means, CGI is a cheaper alternative because it uses computer software to create images instead of constructing real and physical settings. The first ever movie that used computer-generated imagery was Westworld in year 1973. It was a science fiction that incorporate both robots and humans. Also, famous movies like Star Wars and Star Trek II were also able to produce effects like laser guns and robot motion. In the Terminator, computer-generated imagery created digital scenes in the robot. CGI, especially in two dimensions was greatly used in traditional animated films as it replaced the role of manually illustrated cells. Since then, it became a significant technology used to create special effects in the movie industry. This then promoted and encouraged the great usage of animation and three dimensions (3D). Usually, CGI for films are about 1.4 to 6 megapixels, where one frame is generally around 2 to 3 hours long which can multiple to ten times for more complex scenes. Computer-generated imagery was also used in created the film Star Wars. ANIMATION Animation is a series of images in the form of two dimensional or three dimensional art work that are display rapidly to produce an illusion of movement. The earliest animation said to be found is the Paleolithic cave paintings. In these paintings, objects are drawn in superimposed positions that clearly try to convey the idea of motion. However, in year 1906, J. Stuart Blackton, a newspaper cartoonist, released the first ever fully animated film, Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. The Paleolithic cave painting shows movement in an animation way. There are many types of animations that can be used in making a movie. The traditional animation, which is also known as cell animation or hand drawn animation, was broadly used in the 20th century. This involves many individual frames first drawn on papers that differ a little from the previous. These frames are then photocopied onto transparent sheets called cells, which can be photographed by a rostrum camera to produce motion. Classic Disney animated films like Snow White and Aladdin are produced using this technique. Traditional animation is manual and is drawn in multiple frames. As computer generated imagery (CGI) is used increasingly, animation can be done by using computers. The first entirely computer-generated animated film is Toy Story, in year 1995. Computer animation simply means creating moving objects by using programs or software designed for computers. Consequently, this has caused the invention of two dimensional (2D) animations. Figures are created and edited using two dimensional bitmap graphics or two dimensional vector graphics. However, trained professionals are required to produce animations like this as it involves techniques and skills. Toy Story, the first fully computer-generated animated film. THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) Three dimension computer graphics are graphics which use three dimensional representation data geometrically. These graphics will then be stored to calculate and render two dimensional images. These graphics often use many algorithms to generate images. A typical two dimensional image would only show height and width. However, a three dimensional image could show height, width and even depth. This gives the idea of realistic instead of virtual. Animation can also be done in three dimension. An animator can use the digital skeletal structure to control the mesh. Besides that, mathematical functions can also be used to created three dimensional animation. 3D, or stereoscopic 3D uses the illusion of the depth perception to create realistic images. It can be produced using few methods. In an anaglyph, two images are located at a superimposed position with a light filtering two colors, red and cyan. By wearing the 3D glasses, the two images are cancelled out to produce only one image. That is the earlier 3D images used in movie making. An anaglyph image. A pair of anaglyph 3D glasses. In the polarization systems, similarly, two images are located at a superimposed position through different polarizing filters. By wearing a pair of glasses that contain polarizing filters, each filter can only pass through similar polarized light but blocks different polarized lights, causing each eyes to see different images. A polarized 3D image. Polarized 3D glasses. HOW WAS AVATAR MADE? The Avatar has successfully created a sensation amongst movie lovers with its breathtaking three dimension technology. James Cameron, the director of the movie incorporated the technology as well as real human footages into the movie. Computer-generated imagery was used extensively in the movie. He used a technique called the image-based facial performance capture, which required actors and actresses to put on special headgears called skull caps that were equipped with cameras. As the recording went on, facial expressions and movies were transmitted from the camera to the virtual characters. The movements caught on tape would be six times bigger, which created authenticity in the characters. By using such technology, the facial expressions of the characters can be made to change according to how the dialog was told. The motion capture technique that animated the expressions of the actor and actresses. To do that, a new software called the facial action coding system was created. This software can trace the visualization of facial and muscle movements of the actors and actresses, which can then be animated to created computer-generated images. The incorporation of computer-generated images into live action footages. 3D was also made easier by motion capture because it allowed film-makers to add special effects as well as direct the angle of camera in . The formats used were Real D 3D, Dolby 3D, Xpan 3D and IMAX 3D. With the help of a pair of polarized 3D glasses, the movie created another sensation to be viewers. Weta Digital was the visual effects company that worked for the movie. They used Linux-based software to created graphics that made the settings in the movie looked to realistic. The company used one of the worlds largest Linux clusters as the operating system, which produced computer-generated images using 64-bit for 3D modelling. The filming camera that gives the 3D effects. WINDOWS MOVIE MAKER Windows Movie Maker is a software that allows user to create and edit videos, thus creating homemade videos. The first ever version of Windows Movie Maker was available for Windows Me back in year 2000, which then followed by Windows XP in year 2001. Its development was then improved. Its so called replacement was then named Windows Live Movie Maker, which is included with the Windows Live Essentials. The new movie maker does not share the same features with the older version. However, the 2.6 version is compatible for both Windows Vista as well as Windows 7. Furthermore, this version is strongly recommended by many video editors as it is user friendly and easy to use but at the same time, produces high quality movies and videos. Windows Movie Maker has features like effects, titles or credits, timeline narration and auto movie. New effects can also be modified using the existing ones by using XML code, thus allowing users to create one of its kind videos. Besides that, an audio track editing is also available. Basic effects like fading in or fading out can be added. And then, the tracks can be saved in a sound file instead of a video file. In the window, there is a storyboard that previews the timeline for video and audio. Video or images can be imported into the timeline. When doing so, user can choose either to capture video directly from webcam or import from collections of existing videos. Videos and audios that are in .WMV/.ASF,  .MPG (MPEG-1),  .AVI (DV-AVI),  .WMA,  .WAV, and  .MP3 formats are accepted. However, other formats like MP4/3GP, FLV and MOV, MIDI, AIFF, AAC and SWF are not accepted. A window showing the first page of the program. A window showing the storyboard. Video clips or images can be dragged into these boxes to create a continuous movie. Editing videos and movies in Windows Movie Maker is a very rewarding process as it allows user to create and design the videos and movies in any way they want. The auto movie feature in the program contains premade editing styles which help users to create movies in a very quick period. However, if users choose to edit themselves, a total of 60 transitions, 37 effects, 34 titles and 9 credit animations are available in the 2.x version. The effects and transitions that users can choose to use in order to increase the attractiveness of the movies. There are also other features like adding titles or credits into the movie. All these features can be found easily on the menu pane on the left of the window. Audio and sound effects can also be added into the movie easily through options on the menu pane. At the end, when the movie is all done editing, it is supposed to be saved. Then, it can be viewed from the computer. Besides that, the movie can also be uploaded into pocket pc like smart phones or PDA phones. It can also be uploaded back into a camera and DV recorder if the format is supported. The movie can also be sent to a website for the view of the public. PENCIL Pencil is a software for animation and drawing, which is supported by Mac, Windows and Linux operating system. It utilizes one of the most common animation method, the traditional animation which is done by drawing or sketching with a pencil. This program is great for amateur users because it is easy to use and user friendly. A screenshot of Pencil. This free drawing program is not equipped with many advance tools, but with simple toolbox that contain pencil, brush, eraser, and coloring tool. Although it seems to be simple, sophisticated 2D animation can be produced by just using these few tools. The toolbox that contains the tools for drawing. There is a timeline feature, where users are able to add layers. By saying layer, it simply means vector layer, audio layer as well as video layer. Besides that, it also allow users to use onion skinning, which enables users to check the previous and next frames to trace the animation. The default frame per second is set at 12, but this setting can be changed up to 50 FPS. The timeline feature that enables users to create different layers altogether. Besides drawing the animation in the program, sketches can be drawn on real paper and then imported into the program. To do so, the sketches can first be saved in the computer, and then imported onto the canvas, which then can be edited directly in the program itself. The camera layer enables users to create different frames through the usage of a camera. Audio can also be added into the animation, making it more interesting. As sounds and voices are essentials to animation, it can easily added into the animation by exporting music files from the computer. To do so, a sound layer is first created. The music files can be imported. The format that is supported is only WAV format on Windows OS. However, Mac users can import any formats that is readable by Quicktime. When the music file is imported, a triangular key appears, indicating where the music starts to play. A sound layer will not play if it is deactivated, which can be easily controlled by pressing the sound button in the timeline control. The feature that allows adding of sound layer. CONCLUSION It is undeniable that computer technology plays an important role in producing a good movie. We can see that as time progresses, computer technology also improves greatly. However, this does not mean that continuous research on this subject matter should stop here. In fact, such an achievement in this field simply means that producers and movie makers in the market should continue in creating breakthroughs in the industry. This is especially true because people will not be contented with what is in the market now if there is nothing new that appeals to them. The demand for more and better is always increasing. Therefore, it is pivotal to continue achieving for more. As for home users and non-professional users, there is actually much other software that allows them to create their own home videos. The market now realizes that the public can also be very good in creating home videos. Therefore, there is an increasing amount of movie making and animation software for the use of the public. Much of this software actually varies in difficulty as well as quality of products. However, it is confirmed that it allows users to create according to their creativity and that is what makes the videos one of its own. If users are having problem, they can easily obtain help from tutorials and forums that are available from the omnipotent Internet. Based on the research done on this paper, hopefully doubts and questions of many can be clarified. It is very crucial to educate people about the subject matter as it has blended into our lives and has become a part so close to us. There are some movies I can watch over and over, never get sick of. Ill put one of those on and be puttering around the house. Then a certain scene will come on and Ill just have to go over and watch. David Fincher

Battle of Gettysburg Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Battle of Gettysburg   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Battle of Gettysburg was the most decisive battle for the North, and it lasted for a total of three days. It began on July 1 and ended on July 3, 1863. The Confederacy was going on the offensive and was beginning to venture into Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Washington D.C. They encountered Union troops as they advanced towards Harrisburg where they planned to cut off Union supply lines and to steal provisions that they needed. The Battle of Gettysburg became the bloodiest multi-day battle ever fought in United States history. At the end of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union claimed victory, and they would use this psychological advantage throughout the rest of the Civil War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the first day of battle, the Confederate Cavalry attacked a Union Cavalry division that the Confederates greatly outnumbered. The Union Cavalry was able to hold the Confederates off and actually drive them back until the late afternoon. When Confederate reinforcements arrived, they helped to overpower the Union soldiers and force them to retreat. The Union army then attempted to regroup on Cemetery Hill where they were joined by the bulk of General Meade’s Union army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On July 2, the second day of fighting began. The day began with Lee ordering an attack on the Union flanks in hopes of surrounding them. The Union held strong on the right flank, but on the left, the Confederates were a...

Fairies in Folklore and Literature Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

Fairies in Folklore and Literature Fairies have been part of literature, art, and culture for more than fifteen hundred years. With them have come many stories about their interaction with adults and children. These stories have been compiled by men such as Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm, who provided the world with a large compilation of fairy tales, which are still told today. Perrault and the Grimms together compiled over six hundred legends that originated from all around Europe. These myths and legends often included imaginary being called fairies, sprites, and nymphs. Fairies are frequently described as tiny human beings. Their clothing, which is usually green, gold, or blue, is thought to have been created from natural elements such as leaves and vines which have been sown together to make their dresses and loin cloths. Many of these magical beings had wings and could change forms and disappear when they had to. There were both male and female fairies, some good and others evil. Evil female fairies were usually associated with female sexuality and abused their magical powers by doing harm (Rose 107-9). They also had two, distinct living groups. One was called the "trooping group," a group of fairies that lived together in a community with governmental authority and laws, usually a monarchy. Most of these "trooping groups" were found in Irish and occasionally in English folklore. The other fairies are simply known as "solitary fairies," the ones that do not live within the community and are associated with outside families, places, or activities. This group would include fairy godmothers (Rose 107). All fairies were said to live in the ground, within a forest. If humans wanted to find the fairie... ... Jane Eyre can been seen in the compilation of Charles Perrault’s work, especially in "Tom Thumb" and "Bluebeard" and "The Fairies." It could also be argued that Charlotte might not have read or heard these stories but was introduced to many of the same themes through gothic novels of the time. Â   Â   Â   Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Beth Newman. New York: St. Martin’s, 1996. Fraser, Rebecca. The Brontes: Charlotte Bronte and Her Family. New York: Crown, 1988. Perrault, Charles. Perrault’s Classic French Fairy Tales. Austria: Meredith, 1967. Rose, Carol. Spirits, Fairies, Gnomes and Goblins: An Encyclopedia of the Little People. Denver: ABC-CLIO, 1996. Silver, Carole. Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â  

Kirby the Elf Kid Story

Once upon a time there was an elf named Kirby. He was one of Santas elfs. But, he was there only to help with the reindeer, when what he really wanted to do was to work on a toy line. It wasn’t like he didn’t love the reindeer, he just really wanted to make children smile and happy. All of the other elfs that worked with the reindeers laughed at him because if u were to work on the toy live you had to work with Santa for a very long time, that certain job was meant for elfs that he absolutly trusted.Sadly, Kirby had just started working with Santa and he has never even talked to Santa, which was part of the problem. One day Santa had gotten a phone call and he had a distraught look on his face. He hung up the phone and said â€Å"Oh no, Tanner, Joey, and Jocy had gotten into a snowboarding accident, that was the hospital. They wont be back to work for 2 weeks and christmas in 5 days! † Now see these elfs weren’t just any elves, they the fastest , strongest , and Santa’s favorite elves. And, even though Santa would say he didn’t like to pick favorites everyone knew he did.The other evles would have to wear red and green, where as Joey, Tanner, and Jocy had gold and white outfits. Santa really needed Jocy, Joey and Tanner because about two hundred children that had been on the naughty list had good and deserved to get toys instead of just coal. So the other elves had to work very hard to make more toys but it wasn’t enough. Santa went to the stables and said â€Å"Hello Kirby, Andy, Nik, Kira, Devon, and Chelsey I am in some trouble and need to pull you guys from reindeer duty to help make some toys. † Chelsey said â€Å"But Santa, we have never made toys before what if we let you down? Santa said â€Å"Oh you guys could never let me down, all that matters is that you try as best as you can. † Kirby was so excited. It was his time to shine. Thankfully when you start the job the head elves teach other elves how to work all of the machines just in case this sort of thing happens. So all the elves knew how to work the machinary but they never really knew how toys were supposed to work because they’re nevere around them. They basically had to wing it. The other elves didn’t really like the idea of having Kirby and his friends working in the toy line, especially one elf named Ryan.Ryan was a really bitter mean elf. He only got along with Jocy, Joey, and Tanner, and he didn’t like the fact that they were being replaced. In his mind he thought â€Å"I have to do something to get rid of these other elves†¦they don’t belong here! † He devised a plan in his head of a way to get rid of Kirby and his little friends. While Kirby and his friends were waiting to start there first doy on the toy line Ryan had locked them in the lunch room. â€Å"This will keep them out of my toyline. † He said with a snicker. But, Ryan had forgotten that there was a an exit to outside of the toy factory.When Kirby and his friends had noticed that the door was locked they had to hurry and run around to the other side of the building and went through the back doors. Kirby was determined not to let Santa down. He really wants to prove himself to him to show that he doesn’t belong in the stables with the reindeer. They finally made it to the toy line and they were on time. Ryan looked at them with irritation as Kirby and his friends had walked over to their stations. The bells rang and the machines started running. Kirby was so excited all he could do was smile.Kirby was at the station where they wrapped all the gifts and delivered the presents to Santa’s sleigh. Andy had they toy station full of cars, Nik had the station with the coloring books and books, Kira had the station with the board games,Devon was at the station with the stuffed animals and Chelsey was at the station where they had to make the toys that were trains and an y other toys that had batteries. Ryan was in the same station with Kirby and was going way to fast trying to get kirby to screw up or make a mistake.But Kirby kept and eventually go the hang of it. Ryan was getting even more frustraited with the fact that he couldn’t get rid of Kirby, he didn’t even want to admit the fact that Kirby actually belonged there. Ryan kept plotting and plotting till finally he got an opening to sabotage. Kirby was carrying a lot of presents and didn’t know which way it was to Santa’s sleigh. Ryan ran to him and said â€Å"OH OH I know where to go let me show you† as he had an evil smirk on his face he lead Kirby into a room that was used for the christmas parties.He said keep walking forward and started walking backwards and slammed the door shut and locked him in there and laughed. Kirby said â€Å"why are you doing this? What about the children? † Ryan said â€Å"Because you don’t belong here, I don†™t like change! Now you will never work in the toyline EVER!! † Ryan left and Kirby started to panic and worry. Kirby still had an hour to get the toys to Santa in time to make the delivery. Lucky for him his friends had noticed he had been gone for 30 minutes and Ryan had returned and Kirby wasn’t with him. So they all split up and went searching for him.Finally, Nik was yelling Kirby’s name and Kirby started banging on the door â€Å"Nik, I’m in here, get me out please! † Kirby said. Nik let him out and Kirby said â€Å"which way is Santa’s sleigh? † Nik said â€Å"I know where it is follow me! † They both ran like mad men to Santa’s sleigh with only 5 minutes to spare. Santa said â€Å" oh thank you so much I could’ve never gotten this done without you, but what took you so long my elves? † Kirby pointed at Ryan as he ran up to see if he had succeeded or failed, â€Å"Santa he locked me in a dark room and wouldn’t let me out!Ryan tried to defend himself â€Å"Santa, its true I just don’t want him to replace Tanner, Joey, and Jocy. † Santa said â€Å"Oh Ryan. Kirby would never replace them I love all of my elves equally. As for you Kirby you did a fantastic job and should be rewarded, and Ryan should be punished, therefore you both will trade places, sorry Ryan you will now work in the stables with the reindeer. † Kirby was so happy! His dream finally came true. He now is working on the toy line woth three of the greatest elves that work there. He has never been so thankful.