Works Made For Hire The General Rule Of Copyright Ownership

Question 1: Works made for hire is an exception to the general rule of copyright ownership. It is a category, defined by copyright law, which states that the author of a work is the commissioning party, not the actual creator of the work. Within this category, there are two classifications: (1) works created by an employee within the scope of employment and (2) specially commissioned works (Bouchoux, 2012). Employees, under the first classification, are determined by common law agency principles (Bouchoux, 2012). Meaning that â€Å"[i]f the person doing the work is an employee under common law agency principles and the work was done in the scope of employment, the employer†¦is the copyright owner† (Bouchoux, 2012, p. 232). While the determining factors are not exhaustive, some include: the employer maintains control over the work and the worker, the employer’s status is such that supports a business relationship, duration of the relationship, skill level of the employee, and benefits provided to the hired individual (Bouchoux, 2012). On the other hand, specially commissioned works is a work that is created by an independent contractor, but owned by the commissioning party. To meet this exception, three conditions must be met: the work must be specially ordered, the parties must agree to such in writing, and the work must fall into a category governed by section 101 of the Copyright Law. If all the conditions are met except the last one, it is not a work for hire.Show MoreRelatedWebsite Ownership Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesMost small or large business owners are experts in their given field; therefore, they choose to hire experts in other fields. When you purchase a TV from Sam’s, you expect it to come with all of the components. If the power plug or the remote control is missing, you call the store for the missing part. When you buy a chicken salad from McDonalds, you expect the chicken to be a part of the salad, when you purchase a hamburger From Burger King you know beyond the shadow of doubt t hat somewhere inRead MoreCopyright Laws And How They Have Affected Society. Copyright1292 Words   |  6 Pages Copyright Laws and How They Have Affected Society Copyright laws have been in place for over two hundred years.   They are meant to protect from the unauthorized and unlawful use of ideas and media under law, and protect the artist’s integrity. The types of media protected ranges from books to movies, from TV to picture art. In it’s own way, copyright laws have affected society and how media is distributed across the world. Copyright Laws The current copyright laws we use have been in place sinceRead MoreThe Case Of The Prospective Decorative Artwork Business Of Tom, Dick, And Harry1733 Words   |  7 Pagesregard, for this paper – the author endeavours to provide legal advice to the prospective business associates concerning the possible business type along with categories of investors connected to the same. After, information will be furnished as to copyright protection for the decorative art pieces. Next, the writer presents information pertaining to important components that ought to be included in the terms of agreement of staff. The guidelines applicable to apprenticeship, will be covered since theRead MoreNiche Creative Advertising, Inc.1790 Words   |  8 Pagesas follows: 1. General Provisions. The following provisions concern Honey’s duties and term of agreement. a. Description of Services Deliverables. Honey agrees to provide the services and to deliver the Deliverables described in Exhibit A hereto (hereafter â€Å"Services† and â€Å"Deliverables†). Honey agrees to perform the Services and Deliverables in accordance with the highest standards of professional care. Niche has engaged Honey to perform services and to create certain works and/or materialsRead MoreEssay about Business Sample Questions1644 Words   |  7 PagesESSAY Questions Bus 250 Ch 21-30 Fall 2012 1. What is a limited liability company? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of this type of business ownership? 2. Compare and contrast the following forms of business organization: sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company, and corporation as to ease of formation, liability of owners, management, and tax implications. 3. Andy wants to start his own business. He has decided to rent space inRead MoreCopyright Protection on Internet9657 Words   |  39 PagesLEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS COPYRIGHT PROTECTION ON INTERNET (08BS0001781) SECTION-F Contents {text:bookmark-start} INTRODUCTION {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} 1.1 About Intellectual Property [1] {text:bookmark-end} It is not material wants that seek ownership, but the ideas, skills and moral aspirations need equal protection. It refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Read MoreHuman factors and cyber policy4873 Words   |  20 Pages TA#2 Human Factors and Cyber Policy   CSEC 620 April 27,2013 Table of Content IntroductionCopyright, threats and ownership of intellectual property -Important Security Issues -Recommended Policy Controls -How/Why Human Factors Influence Policy Meta-Data collected and used by the Private sector and Public sector -Important Security Issues -Recommended Policy Controls -How/Why Human Factors Influence Policy Zero Day Exploits employed for economic or military advantage -ImportantRead MoreAn Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property12472 Words   |  50 PagesAmerican Economic Association An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property Author(s): Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942699 . Accessed: 24/11/2011 08:39 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreEssay on Peer to Peer Technology and Copyright6511 Words   |  27 PagesPeer to Peer Technology and Copyright Recently, there has been a series of copyright infringement litigations against Internet businesses that are involved with unauthorized distribution of music files. The US recording industry claims to lose three million dollars per year because of piracy. A report predicted an estimated 16 percent of all US music sales, or 985 million dollars would be lost due to online piracy by 2002 (Foege, 2000; cited from McCourt Burkart, 2003) Even thoughRead MoreMGT 320 Mastery Exercises Essay2136 Words   |  9 Pagesdoing so 10. Which of the following is an example of a â€Å"check and balance† that exists between the government’s branches? a. Congress may override a Presidential veto 11. What types of petitions can be filed by indigent litigants who cannot afford to hire a lawyer to write and file a petition for them? a. In forma pauperis 12. Discovery is designed to prevent trial by surprise a. True 13. Under Article II, _______ a. The President has the power to nominate judges with the advice and consent of the Senate

Social Control of Prostitution Essay - 781 Words

Social Control of Prostitution Prostitution is ambiguous to define. The Macquarie dictionary defines prostitution as 1. the act or practice of engaging in sexual intercourse 2. any base or unworthy use of talent, ability, etc. But the act of prostitution involves many other associated facets that are included under this extensive act. There’s the act itself, soliciting, advertising, pimping, house brothels, street prostitution, phone sex and even computer sex. Sweden treats prostitution as legal, however pimping is illegal. Canada bans soliciting for prostitution, but not the act themselves. Except for a few places in Nevada, the United States bans prostitution but permits its advertisement and tolerates massage parlours or bars that†¦show more content†¦The legal definition of prostitution has recently expanded in many Australian jurisdictions to encompass voyeuristic practices as well as non-monetary exchanges. Prostitution laws now make inclusions for massage parlours, phone sex and computer sex. Sullivan’s study into the politics of the sex industry in Australia since 1945, found that due to the shifts in sexual culture there have been discursive changes in society’s’ view of what constitutes as prostitution and what signifies as deviant sexual behaviour. Post war culture accentuated sexuality as the source of individual uniqueness, later progressing into the ideals of equality and mutuality between the s exes thus producing our sexual culture, as we know it today. Defining prostitution as a deviance Ancient civilisations did not condemn prostitution as sinful, but within the course of events over the past century, the view in most societies has changed to deem the act to the contrary (Thio p 214). To define prostitution as a deviance one must take into consideration the dynamics to which it applies. In correspondence with the Interactionist Perspective, Anleu observes how it is not the act of prostitution but how people identify it that makes it deviant . According to Roach Anleu (p 70) prostitutes carry the general label of thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Differential Theory And Social Control Theory1567 Words   |  7 Pagesand social control theory link to prostitution â€Å"Prostitution is the continual supply of physical sexual intercourse of some kind in direct exchange for material rewards, usually money† (Adriaenssens and Hendrickx 2012, p. 1) It is a corrupt way of producing one’s financial or personal gains. Women and men enter this line of business due to various reasons, which results with various types of prostitutes, such as; high-end escorts, third world sex slaves and street prostitutes. Prostitution is aRead MorePro Legalization of Prostitution Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesPro Legalization of Prostitution The world’s largest trade, prostitution, has always found ways to overcome the legal attempts to suppress it. Prostitution has become one of the most common trades throughout the world. Many poor countries have turned to prostitution as an outlet from their economic difficulties. It is the easiest from of labor for those who do not have a proper education or the economic background to join the legal labor force. Many men and women haveRead MoreWhy The Agent Is Fully Self Owning Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesLibertarians hold that every agent is fully self-owning. Every agent morally owns their own body, just as they can morally own an inanimate object. A set of five rules comes with full ownership of an entity. First, they control the right to use of their entity, â€Å"both a liberty-right to use it and a claim-right that others cannot use it† (Vallentyne). Second, the agent has the right to compensation if someone else uses the entity without the agent’s explicit permission. Third, the agent has the rightRead MoreBook Review: Lydias Open Door Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesOpen Door contextualizes prostitution within a political and economic framework revealing how it is impossible to diagnose one without the others. She uses both macro and micro-analysis to deconstruct the variability in how prostitution is practiced, regulated and perceived through space and time. Throughout he r ethnography she discusses how globalization and neoliberalism changed the economic climate of Mexico and in turn transformed prostitution into an issue of social hygiene as well as a modernRead MoreShould Prostitution Be More Beneficial?1659 Words   |  7 PagesAllie Godat Jessica Perkins Writing 1 November 13, 2015 Prostitution In this essay, I will be giving my arguments on whether or not prostitution would be more beneficial to society and safer it wasn’t illegal. I will be giving you background information on the history of prostitution at the beginning of civilization, and how it came to be illegal in the United States. Next I will state the reasons why prostitution is currently criminalized, and why people think it should remain that way. I willRead MoreProstitution, Drugs And Money Laundering922 Words   |  4 Pages Prostitution, drugs and money laundering are all tied together in the underground world of the public crimes arena. In fact, acts are all influenced by the political, economic, and social relations intertwined with organized crime resulting in violence, public health issues, and money laundering schemes. Markets can be found online, on the streets, and through legitimate and illegitimate practices. The very nature of prostitution and drug crimes are considered victimless crime s, resulting in collateralRead MoreAdvantages of Legalizing Prostitution1749 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. When analyzing the sex trade, the factors of cultural precedence, philosophy, religionRead MoreThe Case Of Criminalising Prostitution1631 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernor of DKI Jakarta response to legalise prostitution in his territory. The Indonesian government has been criminalising prostitution based on the Book of the Criminal Justice Act (KUHP) regulation since more than 30 years ago, yet it did not make prostitution diminished and tends to increase the quantity of the pr ostitutes (Kenedi 2015). The current governor of DKI Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) believes that there should be some form of control over the sex industry (Wardhani 2015). HeRead More Prostitution and Functionalism Essay694 Words   |  3 PagesProstitution and Functionalism Works Cited Not Included Throughout America and the entire world, prostitution flourishes. Prostitution is another never ending war like abortion, which society feels is immoral. This immorality leads functionalists, who apply functionalism to this social problem, on a chase to figure out why prostitution is what it is today. Functionalism is the best theory for looking at prostitution. It allows us to see how prostitution changes along with other aspects ofRead MoreA Walking Tour Of Montreal s Historical Red Light District995 Words   |  4 Pageswalking tour of Montrà ©al’s historical Red Light District presented by Karen Herland, professor and specialist in the history of prostitution. Her historical analysis (personal communication, October 2, 2015) of the neighbourhood gave great insights on morality and legislation issues regarding sex work, specifically about the relationship between authorities and prostitution as well as some of the impacts that these laws and other attitudes that regu late sex work have on women. Her astute reports lead

The Stranger Character Analysis - 738 Words

The Stranger: Representation of the Setting In Camus’s novel, The Stranger, Camus uses the elements of setting to shows that human’s action and emotion are influenced by the physical world. For example, the sun at Manan’s funeral that makes Meursault hard to see and think. The heat that forces him to murder. And the light in the courtroom that makes him tire. The weather and the surroundings in the novel controls Meursault’s emotions, making him angry, sleepy or happy. By the uses of setting, and elements of setting, such as the sun and the heat, Camus illustrates the physical world is taking over the inner feelings of individuals by influencing their actions and emotions. We are introduced to the novel by the death of Maman. Camus†¦show more content†¦Similarly, Camus demonstrates how the weather can affect individual’s thinking. While Meursault was in the examining magistrate after the murder, Meursault was introduced to his lawyer in the afternoon. Camus described the room as â₠¬Å"very hot†, where the room was â€Å"filled with sunlight barely softened by a flimsy curtain.† (Camus 66) When the sunlight shining into the office, Meursault was unable to focus, and he was â€Å"repeating the same story over and over.† (Camus 67) By repeating over and over again under the pressure of heat, Camus suggested the feeling of annoyed. Camus uses the heat to set a constant reminder that Meursault is a man who does not have his own feelings. Rather, is a man who can be controlled by the surroundings. Camus uses the setting of sun, heat and weather to demonstrates that there is a separation between the physical world and the emotional world, in which people are aware of their surroundings, but slowly forgotten their own feelings. Camus included the death of Maman to shows that even though Meursault and Maman cares about each other, but when the heat is presented, the heat will override the feelings between the mother and son. Accordingly, the presenc e of the murder, which shows how Meursault was controlled by the weather under the hot sun. Meursault unintendedly walked towards the Arab just to cool off. Meursault also acts differently accordingly to the lighting and weather in the cell.Show MoreRelatedThe Stranger Character Analysis1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stranger by Albert Camus follows the story of a man named Meursault, who received notice that his mother had passed away. Meursault was not emotionally connected to his mother, and his reaction is not what the reader would expect, as he did not seem to care at all. Therefore, the day after attending his mother’s funeral, Meursault goes to the beach and meets up with his girlfriend, Marie. After the beach, Meursault and Marie go to a movie and spend the night together. When he returns home fromRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Meusault in The Stranger637 Words   |  3 PagesThe main character in The Stranger, Meursault is mentally not attached to the world. He is u nable to decipher good or bad in his actions. The passing of his mother has no effect on him or a girl’s continuous proposal whom he is very attracted too, also, he murders a man for no apparent reason and does not see anything wrong in doing so. Meursault is seen as a careless monster too society. At the beginning of this story Meursault is told his mother has passed away. After hearing the news, MeursaultRead MoreTitle and Character Analysis of The Stranger by Albert Camus784 Words   |  3 PagesThe Stranger: Character and Title Analysis In Albert Camus’, The Stranger, the characters in the novel are individually unique in ways that bring out the positive and negative aspects of each other. When examining their traits you get the deeper meaning of things and what they stand for. The major characters in this novel are Meursault, Raymond Sintes, and Marie Cardona. Meursault shows no emotion through everything that goes on in his life such as a death. Raymond Sintes is a rude person and onlyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Meursault In The Novel The Stranger752 Words   |  4 Pages Albert Camus in his novel, The Stranger, shows a genuinely interesting character, Meursault. In the beginning Meursault is depicted to appear as unethical and cruel, through him not showing no grief at his mother’s funeral. However, Camus, throughout the story builds up a considerably more engaging character that portrays more human-like emotions. At the end, Meursault character changes because he leaves off with a sympathetic feel towards him and is left off with thoughtful reflections and revelationsRead MoreThings Fall Apart, And The Heart Of Darkness1518 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The following essay will contain a critical analysis of two passages from Things Fall Apart, and the Heart of Darkness. I will compare and contrast the narrative structure, the language used and the themes explored. Through this critical analysis, we can gain a better understanding of the two extracts, each one helping to illuminate the other. The passages I will be analysing are: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe, Page 124 Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, Page 116-117 Narrative StructureRead MoreThe Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel1674 Words   |  7 Pages The Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel Due to the multifaceted nature of literature, analysis thereof is prone to generalization. One of the most grievous generalizations oft encountered involves failing to distinguish between a character and the novel it inhabits. Take John Gardener’s Grendel and Albert Camus’s The Stranger, for instance. It’s far too easy, when analyzing for dominant ideologies, to slap them both with the label of existentialism and be done withRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 Pagesstructures of the celebrated authors around her time period. She did this by empowering her main character, Victor Frankenstein, with the enlightenment values of individualism and self exploration; only in a very pessimistic and gloomy way. Through careful analysis of quotes from Mary Shelley s frankenstein from a psychoanalytic view we can reveal some of mary Shelley s true motives in how she designed her characters. Psychology is all about finding motives. It’s all about finding out why people thinkRead More The Stranger Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesWhile reading The Stranger I noticed that traits that Albert Camus character depicts in the book are closely related to the theories of Sigmund Freud on moral human behavior. Albert Camus portrays his character of Meursault as a numb, emotionless person that seems to mindlessly play out his role in society, acting in a manner that he sees as the way he’s supposed to act, always living in the moment with his instincts driving him, and if the right circumstance presents itself the primal deep seededRead MoreCrime and Punishment vs. The Stranger1438 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novels Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and The Stranger by Albert Camus, sun, heat, and light play a significant role in the development and understanding of the novel and the characters in it. Upon the initial reading of The Stranger, the rea der may have a general acknowledgment of a relationship between the novel’s protagonist, Mersault, and the sun and heat, either proceeding or following one of the novels significant events. What is harder to understand on the first readRead MoreGender Roles In Alfred Hitchcocks Rear Window And Strangers On A Train1232 Words   |  5 Pageslives for quite sometime. Women are often portrayed as sexual objects, or delicate individuals; a body with no brain or strength. These traits are easily found within many novels and movies- old and new. In Alfred Hitchcock’s films, Rear Window and Strangers on a Train, Hitchcock begins his films representing women with the same characteristics as stated above. They are very stylish, attractive and presented as second-class individuals to males. But after examining these two films, Hitchcock does something

The Nandi Warriors Free Essays

Deep in the Western Highlands of Africa lives a group of people known as the Nandi people. These people once lived a sedentary life as cattle herders and agriculturalists.   Interesting facts about the Nandi people include beliefs of male and female circumcision. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nandi Warriors or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the past, large ceremonies were held every seven and one half years for male circumcision, which provided rite of initiation into adulthood (Wikipedia, p.1). While male circumcision is an everyday occurrence here in the U.S., female circumcision is not. Female circumcision was performed among the Nandi females in preparation for marriage. In addition to beliefs such as male/female circumcision, this culture also believed in female-female marriages (Wikipedia, p.1). The female-female marriages solved the problems of marriage failure, and served as a way to rescue young mothers from social and economic distress.   Born from this group of intriguing people were the Nandi warriors. Men young and old formed this protective group who later came to be known as one of the most notorious for slaying in Kenyan history (Kamau, p.1). The Nandi Warriors were successful in keeping out any possible threats to their people by limiting access into their territory. Many outsiders attempted intrusion in order to proceed with trading practices, and as a result, thousands were killed. Small groups of the Nandi warriors would lead intruding caravans deep into the Nandi lands, where, later in the evening, the warriors would massacre their â€Å"guests† (Bishop, p.1).   Only rarely did the warriors entertain trading  opportunities. Items up for trade included ivory and other coastal goods in exchange for cattle (Biship, p.1). While the Nandi Warriors’ protective measures would continue to last only a short time longer, the British’s own slaying of Nandi Warrior leader Kimnyole arap Sameoi would end slayings on the Nandi people’s behalf completely (Kamau, p. 1) in order to proceed with foreign rule. This defeat, enforced by the Imperial British of East Africa, would end the Nandi Resistance, and allow the peaceful beginnings to show face to the Nandi people, as well as surrounding areas. The Nandi were noted warriors (Bishop, p.1). After many battles, many victories and many defeats, the Nandi Warriors were feared by anyone who had reason to walk by their territory. Resistance to foreign rule would eventually weaken the opposition of the Nandi Warriors, and much needed peace would be restored in East Africa. Works Cited 1.Cultural Safari. 2005. Kenya Tourist Board. MK Literary Group. January 2007. 2.   Warriors in the Heart of Darkness: The Nandi Resistance. 2002. Koitalel Kenyan Heroes. Dennis Biship. January 2007. 3. The Unresolved Issue of the Kenyan Freedom Movement. 1999, Rev. 2000. Saxakali.com. Michael Mundia Kamau. January 2007.       How to cite The Nandi Warriors, Essay examples

Self Reflection on Leadership and Management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Self Reflection on Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The following report is going to manifest self reflection process of leadership material within myself. The manifestation of leadership is set to encompass varieties of leadership concepts and skills. Leadership in order to imply strategic changes in the business organisations needs to be brought into effect by the person who holds the key to drive operations pertaining to different sectors within it. Leadership management according to Kaouther Korbi (2014), is surrounded by an environment that is to be analysed through the skills of perceptions as well as intelligibility. As per Corbis views, leadership is the incorporation of the individual traits that helps a person develop the ability to look deep into each possible trait of the employees (Parkay, Anctil Hass, 2014). The following report thus tends to reflect inbuilt leadership quality as well as learned leadership skills during the procedure of guiding the subordinates in professional business course.The self analysis and reflective paper constitutes leadership theories while managing strategic change in an organisation. Strategic Change Management: Change management is the process or tool that is applied to change the mode of working and performance of the people or the procedure of operations in order to improve the quality of production or service of an organisation. Change management is cordially associated with the strategies implemented by a worthy leader who possesses the skill to develop change management skills of the employees. Self Reflection: I have been working as an operations manager in a company that deals with content development. The company creates contract with the clients belonging to advertisement sectors as well consumer sectors. Different clients belonging to the advertisement department hire the company in order to develop writing contents and making graphical designs on the website. Since the task is completely client oriented, the coordinating staffs are responsible to work according to the requirements of the clients. The requirements are preloaded in the job portal and the work is done accordingly. As a matter of fact, the writers(employees) and the content developers are highly responsible for the project designing required by the clients. It has often been found that there remains a lacuna between the content developers and the clients pertaining to exact requirement files. Being the operations manager, the responsibility is shouldered upon me to form a communicative bridge between the clients and the e mployees. As an organisational leader, it is my obligation that I am supposed to guide the employees of all layers in terms of attaining the the most potential working environment thus attracting greater number of the clients to our company. Establishment of Leadership Theories: I consider myself as a democratic leader and I firmly believe in contingency leadership theories. I do not believe in the great man theory that says a leader is born. While guiding the subordinates in the organisation I make my decisions depending on the present circumstance. Therefore my leadership method does not contain a one way driving. It varies according to the organisational situations. I would like to emulate the quote of Dickens that leadership is not a position, it is rather a fiduciary calling (Dickens, 2015). Who could forget the famous dialogue from Spiderman- with great power, comes great responsibility? In my personal opinion, leadership is not matter of dictating the subordinates in regard to bring best potential out of them. According to Hersey Blanchards Situational Leadership Theory, leadership quality depends on the individual situation. Adaptation of leadership quality depends on how a leader responds to different individual situations in an organisation. This theory somehow links to the contingency theory of Leadership. I can chronicle some of the examples where I realised that I have the zeal to respond to different complex situation while working in this same organisation. Last year, due to huge influx of the trainee candidates in the organisation, the existing workers started fearing that they would lose their job. It gave birth to employment anxiety and resulted in snail- production. Though I was not a human resource manager, I had to hold the steering and drive the entire population inside the organisation to vibrant working culture. The work was quite simple- to give a brief lecture pertaining to the importance of collaborative work. For few days I decided to work with them in the same room. I did so in order to realise their feeling as junior content developer. In most of the cases in found that the employees were not communicated well pertaining to the new opening of a branch of this organisation and they were not supposed to be replaced by the newcomers. On the other hand, there was a huge problem pertaining to the placement of the newly recruited employees as the new branch was nothing but the projection. The next challenge was to settle the newly joined employees under a roof. Since there was no extra space for the fresh employees, I called some of the engineers of my acquaintances and built a temporary wooden building within a month. This was enough to provide space for fifty employees. For next one month the process ran with ease and we could manage both the offices proficiently. Decision Making Theories: I exemplified this incident as it provided me with confidence with decision making. So far I have judged my decision making process, the way of decision making could be placed under the shade of the theory of attribution. Theory of attribution is employed upon the practice of decision making process and it has two different modes of decision making: i) Internal Attributes ii) External Attributes Internal attributes are the characteristics of a person that lead to a firm decision making idea. The internal attributes may be the presence of mind in judging certain circumstances. On the other hand, the external attributes are caused by the behaviour of the situation oriented to the the decision making process. In the aforesaid incident, the internal attribute was the boldness of the decision making process. However, I personally believe that the external attribute was more effective than the internal one. The external attribute was the complexity of the situation pertaining to the shifting of the newly joined employees and construction of the temporary office. Application of Experience: The experience would definitely help me learn better process in leadership band decision making. Though the company belonged to unorganised working sector, the working experience for me has been really helpful as it provided me with ample opportunity to learn leadership quality. Leadership and Strategic Change: Learning of leadership and strategic change helps an individual identify the types of required change in the strategy and management process. It would further assist the individuals to analyse the context of the organisations in designing strategic change programmes (Booth, 2015). Followings are the key elements of strategic change management in an organisations; Fig: Key Elements of Strategic Change Management Source: Created by the Author The elements of strategic change management work as complementary force to each other. In case of bringing the change in the organisation or the operations a leader needs to diagnose the present situation or the problem stated in order to bring the change. The diagnosis is then set to lead and manage the required change. Then it goes on to manage the change programmes in need (Beck, Cowan, 2014). In the previously mentioned case I have applied all the elements in analysing and diagnosing the problem so as to plan the change accordingly. Though the process of diagnosis did not imply any systematic process, it was based on spontaneous understanding of the situation. Then different change materials were incorporated so as to create an idea to revamp the present situation with the conceptualised one. Key Premises of the Change Management: There are four key premises of change management. These are: i) Strategy ii) Context iii) Inertia and Resistance iv) Leadership v) Strategy matters in the identification for the need for bringing the change in a particular direction. vi) Context drives in the right approach to the change depending on the mode of the circumstances. vii) Leadership is the basic need for bringing the change in an organisation (Belias, Koustelios, 2014). Leadership and Nature of Change: Fig: Nature of Change Source: Created by the Author The above diagram illustrates the nature of change adapted by a leader in terms of organisational development. Leadership is one of the most effective forces in brining the change in an organisation (Cameron Green, 2015). Conclusion: Having understood the theories and concept of change management and leadership, i could roughly create a genre of my own thus framing the strategies for change management. As a matter of fact, the change brought in the organisation where i was working, was actually motivated by the situation. My leadership quality was reflected while supposing the change for the new employees. It can thus be concluded that the change management strategies need clear insight of the problem as well as effective planning framework of for the fture improvement. Reference: Beck, D. E., Cowan, C. (2014).Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Belias, D., Koustelios, A. (2014). The impact of leadership and change management strategy on organizational culture.European scientific journal,10(7). Booth, S. A. (2015).Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. Routledge.s Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Dickens, P. (2015). ABC Denomination.Director,905, 466-6340. Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., Hass, G. (2014).Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall.

Tic tac toe Essay Example

Tic tac toe Paper Tln01nga goal weak methods: depth-first search (DFS), breadth-first search (BFS), constraint satisfaction (CSP) strong methods: use heuristics, A* search s goal nodes Tic Tac Toe Playing Strategies Two players human computer. The objective is to write a computer program in such a way that computer wins most of the time. Three approaches are presented to play this game which increase in Complexity Use of generalization Clarity of their knowledge Extensibility of their approach These approaches will move towards being representations of what we will call A1 techniques. Tic Tac Toe Board- (or Noughts and crosses, Xs and Os) It is two players, X and O, game who take turns marking the spaces in a 33 grid. The player who succeeds in placing three respective marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row wins the game. 2 4 5 6 8 9 7 positions Zero-Sum Games Focus primarily on adversarial games Two-player, zero-sum games As Player 1 gains strength Player 2 loses strength and vice versa The sum of the two strengths is always O. Search Applied to Adversarial Games Initial state Current board position (description of current game state) Operators Legal moves a player can make Terminal nodes Leaf nodes in the tree Indicate the game is over Utility function Payoff function Value of the outcome of a game Example: tic tac toe, utility is -1, O, or 1 Game Trees Tic tac toe Two players, MAX and MIN Moves (ana levels) alternate Detween two players Minimax Algorithm Search the tree to the end Assign utility values to terminal nodes Find the best move for MAX (on MAXS turn), assuming: MAX will make the move that maximizes MAXS utility MIN will make the move that minimizes MAXs utility Here, MAX should make the leftmost move Minimax applet Minimax Properties Complete if tree is finite Optimal if play against opponent with same strategy (utility function) Time complexity is O(bm) Space complexity is O(bm) (depth-first exploration) If we have 100 seconds to make a move Can explore 104 nodes/seco nd Can consider 106 nodes / move Standard approach is Apply a cutoff test (depth limit, quiescence) Evaluate nodes at cutoff (evaluation function estimates desirability of position) Alpha-Beta Pruning Typically can only look 3-4 ply in allowable chess time Alpha-beta pruning simplifies search space without eliminating optimality By applying common sense If one route allows queen to be captured and a better move is available Then dont search further down bad path If one route would be bad for opponent, ignore that route also Max 71 No need to look here! Maintain [alpha, beta] window at each node during depth-first search alpha bound, change at max levels beta = upper bound, change at min levels = lower Alpha Beta Properties Pruning does not affect final result Good move ordering improves effectiveness of pruning With perfect ordering, time complexity is Goals To reduce the space complexity Game can be played one or two players Builds High-Level Game Contain Levels We will write a custom essay sample on Tic tac toe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tic tac toe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tic tac toe specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

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